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Childhood adversities characterize the heterogeneity in the brain pattern of individuals during neurodevelopment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2024

Rajan Kashyap Open the ORCID record for Rajan Kashyap [Opens in a new window] ,
Bharath Holla ,
Sagarika Bhattacharjee ,
Eesha Sharma ,
Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta ,
Nilakshi Vaidya ,
Rose Dawn Bharath ,
Pratima Murthy ,
Debashish Basu  and
Subodh Bhagyalakshmi Nanjayya
...Show all authors
Rajan Kashyap*
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
Bharath Holla
Affiliation:
Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
Sagarika Bhattacharjee
Affiliation:
Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
Eesha Sharma
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
Nilakshi Vaidya
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, PONS Centre, Charité Mental Health, Germany Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
Rose Dawn Bharath*
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
Pratima Murthy
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
Debashish Basu
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Subodh Bhagyalakshmi Nanjayya
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Rajkumar Lenin Singh
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, India
Roshan Lourembam
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, India
Amit Chakrabarti
Affiliation:
Division of Mental Health, ICMR-Centre for Ageing and Mental Health, Kolkata, India
Kamakshi Kartik
Affiliation:
Rishi Valley Rural Health Centre, Madanapalle, Chittoor, India
Kartik Kalyanram
Affiliation:
Rishi Valley Rural Health Centre, Madanapalle, Chittoor, India
Kalyanaraman Kumaran
Affiliation:
Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
Ghattu Krishnaveni
Affiliation:
Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
Murali Krishna
Affiliation:
Health Equity Cluster, Institute of Public Health, Bangalore, India
Rebecca Kuriyan
Affiliation:
Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
Sunita Simon Kurpad
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry & Department of Medical Ethics, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
Sylvane Desrivieres
Affiliation:
SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
Meera Purushottam
Affiliation:
Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
Gareth Barker
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos
Affiliation:
NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
Matthew Hickman
Affiliation:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Jon Heron
Affiliation:
Center for Public Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Mireille Toledano
Affiliation:
MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
Gunter Schumann
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, PONS Centre, Charité Mental Health, Germany PONS Centre, Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Vivek Benegal
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
for the Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (cVEDA)
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
*
Corresponding author: Rajan Kashyap; Email: rajankashyap6@gmail.com; Rose Dawn Bharath; Email: cns.researchers@gmail.com; drrosedawnbharath@gmail.com
Corresponding author: Rajan Kashyap; Email: rajankashyap6@gmail.com; Rose Dawn Bharath; Email: cns.researchers@gmail.com; drrosedawnbharath@gmail.com
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Abstract

Background

Several factors shape the neurodevelopmental trajectory. A key area of focus in neurodevelopmental research is to estimate the factors that have maximal influence on the brain and can tip the balance from typical to atypical development.

Methods

Utilizing a dissimilarity maximization algorithm on the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) of the resting state functional MRI data, we classified subjects from the cVEDA neurodevelopmental cohort (n = 987, aged 6–23 years) into homogeneously patterned DMD (representing typical development in 809 subjects) and heterogeneously patterned DMD (indicative of atypical development in 178 subjects).

Results

Significant DMD differences were primarily identified in the default mode network (DMN) regions across these groups (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). While the groups were comparable in cognitive performance, the atypical group had more frequent exposure to adversities and faced higher abuses (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). Upon evaluating brain-behavior correlations, we found that correlation patterns between adversity and DMN dynamic modes exhibited age-dependent variations for atypical subjects, hinting at differential utilization of the DMN due to chronic adversities.

Conclusion

Adversities (particularly abuse) maximally influence the DMN during neurodevelopment and lead to the failure in the development of a coherent DMN system. While DMN's integrity is preserved in typical development, the age-dependent variability in atypically developing individuals is contrasting. The flexibility of DMN might be a compensatory mechanism to protect an individual in an abusive environment. However, such adaptability might deprive the neural system of the faculties of normal functioning and may incur long-term effects on the psyche.

Keywords

abuseadverse childhood experiencesbrain-behavior correlationdefault mode networkfunctional MRIneurodevelopmentheterogeneity in resting state
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , First View , pp. 1 - 13
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

*

Equal Contribution.

References

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