Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-v5vhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-30T07:55:29.971Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Le bâillement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2020

H.J. Aubin  and
L. Garma
H.J. Aubin
Affiliation:
Centre d'étude et de traitement des troubles du sommeil (Explorations fonctionnelles du système nerveux, Pr R. Verley, et Service de psychiatrie, Pr D. Widlöcher), Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47, boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75651Paris Cedex 13, France
L. Garma*
Affiliation:
Centre d'étude et de traitement des troubles du sommeil (Explorations fonctionnelles du système nerveux, Pr R. Verley, et Service de psychiatrie, Pr D. Widlöcher), Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47, boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75651Paris Cedex 13, France
*
Correspondance: L. Garma, à l'adresse ci-dessus.
Get access

Résumé

Nous nous sommes proposé de rassembler les connaissances actuelles sur le bâillement. Ce comportement, largement retrouvé dans le règne animal et présent durant toute la vie de l’homme, n’a paradoxalement que peu excité la curiosité des médecins.

Après une description du bâillement et des phénomènes qui l’accompagnent, on trouvera une revue des étiologies, tant physiologiques que pathologiques. Seront ensuite abordées les hypothèses relatives aux mécanismes neurobiologiques et aux fonctions de ce comportement.

Les récents travaux sur les bâillements pharmacologiquement induits chez le rat ont mis en évidence le rôle de certaines structures neuronales dans la survenue de ce phénomène: les voies dopaminergiques inhibitrices, modulées par une voie sérotoninergique provenant du raphé dorsal, l’axe hypothalamo-hypophysaire dont les peptides ont une cible centrale, les fibres cholinergiques, activatrices in fine d’une structure génératrice du bâillement (Tableau I).

Au sein des différentes hypothèses sur les fonctions du bâillement, la stimulation de la vigilance nous paraît une notion fondamentale. En effet contrairement à l’idée couramment répandue, le bâillement ne nous mène pas vers le sommeil, mais nous ramène vers l’éveil.

Summary

Summary

Yawning is a common behavior among animals and is attested all through man's life; paradoxically, medicine has shown scant interest in it.

After providing a description of yawning with its accompanying phenomena, its etiology, including its physiological as well as pathological aspects, is presented. Neurobiological mechanisms as well as the functional aspects of this behavior are then examined.

Recent studies on drug induced yawning in rats have elucidated light the role of some neuronal structures linked to its occurrence. These include: inhibitory dopaminergic pathways modulated by the dorsal raphe through a serotoninergic link, a hypothalamo-pituitary axis, some peptides of which possess a central target, cholinergic fibers that activate, in fine, a central yawning pattern generator (Table I).

Among the various hypotheses considered, the authors stress the vigilance-enhancing factor. Contrary to commonly received notions, yawning does not lead to sleep, but to wakefulness.

Keywords

bâillementvigilancedopaminesérotonineacétylcholinepeptides hypothalamo-hypophysairesyawningvigilancedopamineserotoninacetylcholinehypothalamo-pituitary peptides
Type
Mise au point
Information
Psychiatry and Psychobiology , Volume 3 , Issue 4 , 1988 , pp. 275 - 286
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Références

Anias, J.Holmgren, B.Urba-Holmgren, R. & Eguibar, J.R. (1984) Circadian variation of yawning behavior. Acta Neurobiot. Exp. 44, 179–186Google ScholarPubMed
Argiolas, A.Melis, M.R. & Gessa, G.L. (1985) Intraventricular oxytocin induces yawning and penile erection in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 117, 395–396CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Argiolas, A.Melis, M.R. & Gessa, G.L. (1986) Oxytocin : an extremely potent inducer of penile erection and yawning in male rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 130, 265–272CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Argiolas, A.Melis, M.R.Vargiu, L. & Gessa, G.L. (1987) d(CH2)5 Tyr(Me)-[Orn8] vasotocin, a potent oxytocin antagonist, antagonizes penile erection and yawning induced by oxytocin and apomorphine, but not by ACTH-(l-24). Eur. J. Pharmacol. 134, 221–224CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barbizet, J. (1958) Yawning. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 21, 203–209CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berendsen, H.H.G. & Nickolson, V. (1981) Androgenie influences on apomorphine-induced yawning in rats. Behav. Neural. Biol. 33, 123–128CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berendsen, H.H.G. & Gower, A.J. (1986) Opiate-androgen interactions in drug-induced yawning and penile erections in the rat. Neuroendocrinol. 1, 42, 185–190CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bertolini, A. & Gessa, G.L. (1981) Behavioral effects of ACTH and MSH peptides. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 4, 241CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bolton, B.Carmichael, E.A. & Sturup, G. (1936) Vasoconstriction following deep inspiration. J. Physiol. 86, 83CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boudouresques, J.Pache, R. & Khalil, R. (1965) Troubles réflexes viscéraux. Encycl. Med. Chir. (Paris) Système Nerveux 2, 17012D10Google Scholar
Charcot, J.M. (1890) Leçons du Mardi de la Salpêtrière. Tome II, Lecrosnier et Babé Editeurs, Paris, pp. 1–11Google Scholar
Chase, M.H.McGinty, D.I. & Sternum, M.B. (1968) Cyclic variation in the amplitude of a brain stem reflex during sleep and wakefulness. Experientia 24, 47–48CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cramer, F. (1924) Uber Sodbrennen und Gähnen. Arch. Verdauungskr. 33, 149CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubuc, I.Protais, P.Colboc, O. & Costentin, J. (1982) Antagonism of the apomorphine-induced yawning by «atypical” neuroleptics. Neuropharmacol. 21, 1203–1206CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dumpert, V. (1921) Zur Kenntnis des Wesens und der physiologischen Bedeutung des Gaehnens. Psychol. Neurol. 27, 82–95Google Scholar
Engelhardt, A. (1941) Das Gàhnen als Atembcwegung. Z. Biol. 100, 596–614Google Scholar
Fere, C. (1905) Note sur le bâillement. C.R. Soc. Biol. 59, 11Google Scholar
Forte, M.C. (1982) Le bâillement. Thèse Méd. Univ. Bordeaux II, Amicale Corpor. Etudiants, BordeauxGoogle Scholar
Furtado, D. (1951) Provocation spinale d’un réflexe de bâillement. Rev. Oto-Neuro-Ophtalmol. (Paris) 23, 287–289Google Scholar
Geigel, R. (1908) Das Gähnen. Münch. Med. Wchnschr.Google Scholar
Gessa, G.L.Vargiu, L. & Ferrari, W. (1966) Stretching and yawning induced by adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Nature 211, 426–427CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guyenet, P.G.Agid, Y.Javoy, F.Beaujouan, J.C.Rossier, J. & Glowinski, J. (1974) Effects of dopaminergic receptor agonists and antagonists on the activity of the neo-striatal cholinergic System. Brain Res. 84, 227–244CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gower, A.J.Berendsen, H.H.G. & Broekkamp, C.L. (1986) Antagonism of drug-induced yawning and penile érection in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 122, 239–244CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harrisson, W.Stewart, J.McGrath, P.J. & Quitkin, F. (1984) Unusual side effects of clomipramine associated with yawning. Can. J. Psychiatry 29, 546CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauptmann, A. (1925) Zum Problem des Gähnens. Klin. Wochenschr. 10, 2324–2325Google Scholar
Heusner, A.P. (1946) Yawning and associated phenomena. Physiol. Rev. 26, 156–168CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holm, A.C. & Ogren, S.O. (1985) Differential effects of selective dopamine D2-receptor antagonists on the mediation of apomorphine-induced hypothermia and yawning. Acta Physiol. Scand. 125, Suppl. 542, 226Google Scholar
Holmgren, B. & Urba-Holmgren, R. (1980) Interaction of cholinergic and dopaminergic influences on yawning behavior. Acta Neurobiot. Exp. 40, 633—642Google ScholarPubMed
Holmgren, B.Urba-Holmgren, R.Aguiar, M. & Rodriguez., R. (1980) Sex-hormone influence on yawning behavior. Acta Neurobiot. Exp. (Warz) 40, 515–519Google Scholar
Holmgren, B.Urba-Holmgren, R.Trucios, N.Zermeno, M. & Eguibar, J.R. (1985) Association of spontaneous and dopaminergic-induced yawning and penile erections in the rat. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 22, 31–35CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lehmann, H.E. (1979) Yawning: a homeostatic reflex and ils psychological significance. Bull. Menninger Clinic. 43, 123–136Google Scholar
Lewy, E. (1921) Uber das Gaehnen. Z. Ges. Neurol. Psychiatr. Berl. 72, 161–174CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lund, J.P. & Olsson, R.A. (1983) The importance of reflexes and their control during jaw movement. Trends Neurol. Sci. 458–463CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayer, C. (1921) Physiologisches und Pathologisches über das Gaehnen. Z. Biol. 73, 101–104Google Scholar
Mogilnicka, E. & Klimek, V. (1977) Drugs affecting dopamine neurons and yawning behavior. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 7, 303–305Google ScholarPubMed
Morelli, M.Longoni, R.Spina, L. & Di, Chiara G. (1986) Antagonism of apomorphinc-induced yawning by SCH 23390: evidence against the autoreceptor hypothesis. Psychopharmacol. 89, 259–260CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nickolson, V.J. & Berendsen, H.H.G. (1980) Effects of the potential neuroleptic peptide des -tyrosine 1 - gamma-endorphin and haloperidol on apomorphineinduced behavioural syndromes in rats and mices. Life Sci. 27, 1377–1385CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okuyama, S.Shimamura, H.Hashimoto, S. & Aihara, H. (1987) Relation between yawning behavior and central serotoninergie neuronal System in rats. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmakol. 335, 667–672CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Provine, R.R.Hamernik, H.B. & Curchack, B.C. (1987) Yawning: relation to sleeping and stretching in humans. Ethology 76, 152–162CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Provine, R.R.Tate, B.C. & Geldmacher, L.L. (1987) Yawning: no effect of 3-5% CO2, 100% O2 and exercice. Behav. Neurol. Biol. 48, 382–393CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, S.E.Malthe-Sorrenssen, D.Wood, P.L. & Comissiong, J. (1979) Dopaminergic control of the septal-hippocampal cholinergic pathway. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 208, 476–479Google ScholarPubMed
Rodriguez-Sierra, J.F.Terasawa, E.Goldfoot, D.J. & Dewied, D. (1981) Testosterone potentiation of the effectiveness of ACTH on the induction of the stretchyawning syndrome (SYS) in male guinea pigs. Horm. Behav. 15, 77–85CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salmon, A. (1948) Le bâillement physiologique et pathologique. Presse Med. 56, 739–740Google Scholar
Serra, G.Collu, M.Loddo, S.Celasco, G. & Gessa, G.L. (1983) Hypophysectomy prevents yawning and penile erection but not hypomotility induced by apomorphine. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 19, 917–919CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serra, G.Collu, M. & Gessa, G.L. (1986) Dopamine receptors mediating yawning: are they autoreceptors? Eur. J. Pharmacol. 120, 187–192CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Serra, G.Collu, M. & Gessa, G.L. (1987) Yawning is elicited by D2 dopamine agonists but is blocked by the D1, antagonist, SCH 23390. Psychopharmacol. 91, 330–333CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trautnrann, R.F. (1901) Le bâillement. Thèse Méd., Bordeaux, Imprimerie du Midi, BordeauxGoogle Scholar
Urba-Holmgren, R.Holmgren, B. & Anias, J. (1982) Pre and post-synaptic dopaminergic inhibition and cholinergic activation in yawning. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. 42, 115–125Google Scholar
Yamada, K. & Furukawa, T. (1980) Direct evidence for involvement of dopaminergic inhibition and cholinergic activation in yawning. Psychopharmacol. 67, 39–43CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yamada, K. & Furukawa, T. (1980) The yawning elicited by MSH involves serotoninergic-dopaminergiccholinergic neuron link in rats. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmakol. 316, 155–160CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.