Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-l82ql Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-25T13:51:10.471Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Narrative Jujitsu: Twain's “Studied Fictions” and Their Plot Against Audience

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 July 2009

Get access

Extract

Anyone familiar with mark twain's humor will recognize its traces in this description of an early stage performance. Here is selfmockery, the mockery of grandiloquent stage oratory, and the mockery of grandiloquence itself, all the more fun for our reviewer's high-serious complaint. Here is a trace of something else, though, that has not been fully appreciated in Twain criticism: the aggression his oral and literary performances exert against their audiences. As our reviewer describes it, Twain's comic gambit about the Sandwich Islands also mocks and catches out his listeners. In the process of seeming to gratify the sort of conventional, “serious” expectations that auditors like our reviewer take to the performance, Twain becomes “untrustworthy,” so that the audience's not knowing where “the fun will come in” comes close to its knowing that the fun is at the expense of these expectations. Its “queer state,” like a bruise, marks Twain's deepest aggression: while indulging his audience's highcultural desires – his “brilliant” purple prose signals the entry into a touristic transaction as clearly as buying a berth on the Quaker City does in Innocents Abroad – Twain's concluding verbal self-consciousness flourishes before his auditors both the inauthenticity of his offer and the selfdelusion involved in their accepting it.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

WORKS CITED

Baetzhold, Howard. Mark Twain and John Bull: The British Connection. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Brooks, Peter. Reading for the Plot: Design and Intention in Narrative. New York: Knopf, 1984.Google Scholar
Brooks, Van Wyck. The Ordeal of Mark Twain. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1920.Google Scholar
Chatman, Seymour. “What Can We Learn from Contextualist Narratology?Poetics Today 11 (Summer 1990): 309–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, James. Mark Twain: The Fate of Humor. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966.Google Scholar
DePalma, Anthony. “A Scholar Finds Huck Finn's Voice in Twain's Writing About a Black Youth.” New York Times, 07 7, 1992: A14.Google Scholar
Fishkin, Shelley Fisher. Was Huck Black? Mark Twain and African-American Voices. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Gillman, Susan. “‘Dementia Americana’: Mark Twain's ‘Wapping Alice’ and the Harry K. Thaw Trial.” American Literature, Culture, and Ideology: Essays in Memory of Henry Nash Smith. Ed. Voloshin, Beverly. New York: Lang, 1990: 273–97.Google Scholar
Graff, Gerald. “Narrative and the Unofficial Interpretive Culture.” Reading Narrative: Form, Ethics, Ideology. Ed. Phelan, James. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1989: 311.Google Scholar
Gribben, Alan. “‘It is Unsatisfactory to Read to One's Self’: Mark Twain's Informal Readings.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 62 (1976): 4956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplan, Justin. Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain: A Biography. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1966.Google Scholar
Kasson, John. Rudeness & Civility: Manners in Nineteenth-Century Urban America. New York: Hill and Wang, 1990.Google Scholar
Lorch, Fred. The Trouble Begins at Eight: Mark Twain's Lecture Tours. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1966.Google Scholar
Parker, Hershel. “The Lowdown on Pudd'nhead Wilson: Jack-Leg Novelist, Unreadable Text, Sense-Making Critics, and Basic Issues in Aesthetics.” Resources for American Literary Study, 9 (Autumn, 1981): 215–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pratt, Mary Louise. Toward a Speech-Act Theory of Literary Discourse. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Robinson, Forrest. “The Sense of Disorder in Pudd'nhead Wilson.” Mark Twain's Pudd'nhead Wilson: Race, Conflict, and Culture. Eds. Gillman, Susan and Robinson, Forrest. Durham: Duke University Press, 1990: 2245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Henry Nash. Mark Twain: The Development of a Writer. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundquist, Eric. “Mark Twain and Homer Plessy.” Representations 24 (Fall 1988): 102–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Twain, Mark. The Autobiography of Mark Twain. Ed. Neider, Charles. New York: Harper and Brothers. 1959.Google Scholar
Twain, Mark. The Great Short Works of Mark Twain. Ed. Kaplan, Justin. New York: Harper and Row, 1967.Google Scholar
Twain, Mark. The Love Letters of Mark Twain. Ed. Wecter, Dixon. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1947.Google Scholar
Twain, Mark. Mark Twain's Autobiography. Ed. Paine, Albert Bigelow. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1924.Google Scholar
Twain, Mark. Mark Twain in Eruption. Ed. DeVoto, Bernard. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1940.Google Scholar
Twain, Mark. Mark Twain's Letters to His Publishers, 1867–1894. Ed. Hamlin Hill. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Twain, Mark. Mark Twain's Notebooks & Journals, III (1883–1891). Gen. Ed. Anderson, Frederick. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.Google Scholar
Twain, Mark. Mark Twain's Speeches. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1923.Google Scholar
Twain, Mark. “Sociable Jimmy.” New York Times, 11 29, 1874: 7.Google Scholar
Twain, Mark. The Writings of Mark Twain (National Edition). New York: Harper and Brothers, 1899.Google Scholar
Vallin, Marlene Boyd. “‘Manner is Everything’: The Secret to Mark Twain's Performing Success.” Journal of Popular Culture 24 (Fall 1990): 8190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wadlington, Warwick. The Confidence Game in American Literature. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975.Google Scholar