Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-v5vhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-05T21:42:08.716Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Transport of Organic Carbon to Organisms living in the Deep Oceans.*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2011

Robert O. Fournier
Robert O. Fournier
Affiliation:
Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Get access

Synopsis

Numerous theories exist to explain the mechanism of transport of organic carbon from its site of photosynthetic fixation to the point of its utilisation in the deep ocean. With one exception none has been adequately quantified. A new mechanism is proposed which suggests that the so-called olivegreen cells may contribute up to 35 per cent, of the carbon requirements of the benthic fauna. These conclusions are based on observations of their vertical distribution, the apparent labile nature of these cells and evidence of their presence in the guts of benthic and pelagic fauna.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B: Biological Sciences , Volume 73: Challenger Expedition Centenary Proceedings 2 , 1972 , pp. 203 - 211
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1972

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

This work was partially supported by National Science Foundation grant GB 22628

References

References to Literature

Agassiz, A., 1888. Three cruises of the Blake. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Hart., 14, 1.Google Scholar
Bernard, F., 1963. Density of flagellates and Myxophyceae in the heterotrophic layers related to environment. In Symposium on Marine Microbiology, pp. 215–228. (Ed. Oppenheimer, C. H..)Google Scholar
Bernard, F., 1967. Research on the phytoplankton and pelagic protozoa in the Mediterranean Sea from 1953–1966. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 5, 205–229.Google Scholar
Bogoyavlenskii, A. N., 1964. On the distribution of heterotrophic microorganisms in the Indian Ocean and in Antarctic waters. Deep Sea Res., 11, 105–108.Google Scholar
Duursma, E. K., 1960. Dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous in the sea. Neth. J. Sea Res., 1, 1–148.Google Scholar
Duursma, E. K., 1965. The dissolved organic constituents of sea water. In Chemical Oceanography, pp. 433–475. (Ed. Riley, J. P. and Skirrow, G..) London & New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Fournier, R. O., 1966. North Atlantic deep sea fertility. Science, N.Y., 153, 1250–1252.Google Scholar
Fournier, R. O., 1968. Observations on particulate organic carbon in the Mediterranean Sea and their relevance to the deep-living coccolithophorid Cyclococcolithus fragilis. Limnol. Oceanogr., 13, 693–697.Google Scholar
Fournier, R. O., 1970. Studies on pigmented microorganisms from aphotic marine environments. Limnol. Oceanogr., 15, 675–682.Google Scholar
Fournier, R. O., 1971. Studies on pigmented microorganisms from aphotic marine environments: II. North Atlantic distribution. Limnol. Oceanogr., 16, 952–961.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fournier, R. O., 1973. Studies on pigmented microorganisms from aphotic marine environments: III. Evidence of apparent utilisation. (In Press.)Google Scholar
Gordon, D. C, 1970. Some studies on the distribution and composition of particulate organic carbon in the North Atlantic Ocean. Deep Sea Res., 17, 233–243.Google Scholar
Hamilton, R. D., Holm-Hansen, O. and Strickland, J. D. H., 1968. Notes on the occurrence of living microscopic organisms in deep water. Deep Sea Res., 15, 651–656.Google Scholar
Harvey, H. W., 1955. The Chemistry and Fertility of Sea Waters, 224 pp. Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Hentschel, E., 1928. Die Gründzuge der Planktonverteilung im Südatlantischen Ozean. Int. Revue Ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr., 21, 1–6.Google Scholar
Hentschel, E., 1936. Allgemeine Biologie des Sudatlantischen Ozeans. Wiss. Ergebn. Dt. Atlant. Exped. “Meteor”, 11, 1–344.Google Scholar
Holm-Hansen, O. and Booth, C. R., 1966. The measurement of adenosine triphosphate in the ocean and its ecological significance. Limnol. Oceanogr., 11, 510–519.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jannasch, H. W., Eimhjellen, K., Wirsen, C. O. and Farmanfarmaian, A., 1971. Microbial degredation of organic matter in the deep sea. Science, N. Y., 171, 672–675.Google Scholar
Kimball, J. F., Corcoran, E. F. and Wood, E. J. F., 1963. Chlorophyll-containing microorganisms in the aphotic zone of the oceans. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb., 13, 574–577.Google Scholar
Koblentz-Mishke, O. J., Volkovinsky, V. V. and Kabanova, J. G., 1970. Plankton primary production of the world ocean. In Scientific Exploration of the South Pacific, pp. 183–193. (Ed. Wooster, W..) Washington: N.A.S.Google Scholar
Kriss, A. E., 1963. Marine Microbiology (Deep Sea), 536 pp. London: Oliver and Boyd.Google Scholar
Krogh, A., 1931. Dissolved substances as food for aquatic organisms. Rapp. P.-V. Reun. Cons. Perm. Int. Explor. Mer, 75, 7–36.Google Scholar
Menzel, D. W. and Vaccaro, R. F., 1964. The measurement of dissolved organic and particulate carbon in sea water. Limnol. Oceanogr., 9, 138–142.Google Scholar
Menzies, R. J., 1962. On the food and feeding habits of abyssal organisms as exemplified by the Isopoda. Int. Revue Ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr., 47, 339–358.Google Scholar
Millar, R. H., 1959. Ascidiacea. Galathea Rep., 1, 189–209.Google Scholar
Morris, E. O., 1968. Yeasts of marine origin. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 6, 201–230.Google Scholar
Murray, J., 1895. General observations on the distribution of marine organisms. Rep. Scient. Res. Voy. HMS Challenger, Summ. Scient. Res., 2, 1431–1462.Google Scholar
Nakajima, K., 1971. Suspended particulate matter in the western North Pacific Ocean. Doctoral Thesis, School of Fisheries, Hokkaido Univ.Google Scholar
Nishizawa, S., 1966. Suspended material in the sea: from detritus to symbiotic microcosmos. Bull. Plankt. Soc. Japan, 13, 1–33.Google Scholar
Nishizawa, S., 1969. Suspended material in the sea: II. Re-evaluation of the hypotheses. Bull. Plankt. Soc. Japan, 16, 1–42.Google Scholar
Pütter, A., 1909. Die Ernahrung der Wassertiere und der Stoffhaushalt der Gewasser. Thesis, Jena.Google Scholar
Riley, G. A., 1951. Oxygen, phosphate and nitrate in the Atlantic Ocean. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., 13, 1–126.Google Scholar
Riley, G. A., 1970. Particulate organic matter in sea water. Adv. Mar. Biol., 8, 1–118.Google Scholar
Roth, F. J., Orpurt, P. A. and Ahearn, D. G., 1964. Occurrence and distribution of fungi in a subtropical marine environment. Can. J. Bot., 42, 375–382.Google Scholar
Rowe, G. T. and Menzel, D. W., 1971. Quantitative benthic samples from the deep Gulf of Mexico with some comments on the measurement of deep-sea biomass. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb., 21, 556–566.Google Scholar
Sanders, H. and Hessler, R. R., 1969. Ecology of deep-sea benthos. Science, N. Y., 163, 1419–1424.Google Scholar
Sanders, H., Hessler, R. R. and Hampson, G. R., 1965. An introduction to the Study of deep-sea benthic faunal assemblages along the Gay Head-Bermuda Transect. Deep Sea Res., 12, 845–867.Google Scholar
Sorokin, J. I., 1964. On the primary production and bacterial activities in the Black Sea. J. Cons. Perm. Int. Explor. Mer, 29, 41–60.Google Scholar
Strickland, J. D. H. and Parsons, T. R., 1968. A manual of sea water analysis. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 167, 1–311.Google Scholar
Thomson, C. W., 1880. General introduction to the zoological series of reports. Rep. Scient. Res. Voy. HMS Challenger, Zool, 1, 1–50.Google Scholar
Vinogradov, M. E., 1962. Feeding of the deep-sea zooplankton. Rapp. P.-V. Reun. Cons. Perm. Int. Explor. Mer, 153, 114–120.Google Scholar
Vinogradov, M. E., 1970. Vertical distribution of the oceanic zooplankton. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Vinogradova, N. G., 1962. Some problems of the study of the deep-sea bottom fauna. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 20, 724–741.Google Scholar
Wheeler, E. H., 1970. Atlantic deep-sea copepoda. Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 55, 1–31.Google Scholar
Wood, E. J. F., 1956. Diatoms in the ocean deeps. Pacif. Sci., 10, 377–381.Google Scholar
Zobell, C. E., 1946. Marine Microbiology, 240 pp. Waltham, Mass.: Chronica Botanica.Google Scholar