Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-jbqgn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-28T02:37:11.614Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A comparison of the patterns of movement between indigenous and displaced brown trout (Salmo trutta L) in a small shallow loch *

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2011

P. Tytler ,
D. Machin ,
F. G. T. Holliday  and
I. G. Priede
P. Tytler
Affiliation:
University of Stirling
D. Machin
Affiliation:
University of Stirling
F. G. T. Holliday
Affiliation:
University of Aberdeen
I. G. Priede
Affiliation:
University of Aberdeen
Get access

Synopsis

The patterns of movements of indigenous and displaced trout (Salmo trutta) in a small loch were obtained by ultrasonic tracking techniques. Comparisons of these were made by developing stochastic simulations of their movements based on an analysis of the frequency distributions of step lengths, angles of turn and the percentage time spent actively swimming.

The dispersal and escape of displaced fish from an unfamiliar area of the loch can be explained principally in terms of random turning. Nose plugging appears to influence the distribution of the angles of turn without significantly altering the time taken to escape and return home.

Indigenous trout show a strong preference for turns of 180°, indicating a tendency to turn in their tracks. Although a simulation of the indigenous fish shows slower dispersion than displaced fish, it is insufficient to explain the containment of movement within a home range. It is probable that successive steps are not independent and there may be some association between step lengths and subsequent angles of turn. The implications of their autocorrelation are discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B: Biological Sciences , Volume 76 , Issue 4 , 1978 , pp. 245 - 268
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1978

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

This paper was assisted in publication by a grant from the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland

References

Ali, M. A., 1959. The ocular structure, retinomotor and photobehavioural responses of juvenile Pacific salmon. Can. J. Zool. 37, 965–996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brett, J. R., 1964. The respiratory metabolism and swimming performance of young sockeye salmon. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 21, 1183–1226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fry, F. E. J., 1957. The aquatic respiration of fish. In Physiology of fishes, 1, pp. 1–63 (Ed. Browne, M. E.) (New York: Academic).Google Scholar
Greenwood, J. A. and Durand, D., 1955. The distribution of length and components of the sum of n random unit vectors. Ann. Math. Statist. 26, 233–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hald, A., 1959. Maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of a normal distribution which is truncated at a known point. Skand. Actuar. 32, 119–134.Google Scholar
Holliday, F. G. T., Tytler, P. and Young, A. H., 1974. Activity levels of trout (Salmo trutta) in Airthrey Loch, Stirling, and Loch Leven. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. B 74, 315–331.Google Scholar
Kalleberg, H., 1958. Observations in a stream tank of territoriality and competition in juvenile Salmon and trout. Rep. Inst. Freshwat. Res. Drottingholm 39, 55–98.Google Scholar
Kelso, J. R. M., 1976. Movement of Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) and White sucker (Catostomus commersoni) in a nearshore Great Lake habitat subject to thermal discharge. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 33, 42–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kleerekoper, H., Timms, A. M., Westlake, G. F., Davy, F. B., Malar, T. and Anderson, V. M., 1970. An analysis of the locomotor behaviour of goldfish. Anim. Behav. 18, 317–330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleerekoper, H., Matis, J., Gensler, P. and Maynard, P., 1974. Exploratory Behaviour of Goldfish. Anim. Behav. 22, 124–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kutty, M. N., 1968. Respiratory quotients in goldfish and rainbow trout. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 25, 1689–1728.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landless, P. J., 1974. Demand feeding and growth in Salmonids. Stirling Univ. Ph.D. thesis.Google Scholar
Le Cren, E. D., 1973. The population dynamics of young trout (Salmo trutta L.) in relation to density and territorial behaviour. Rapp. P.-v. Reun. Cons Perm. Int. Explor. Mer 164 241–246.Google Scholar
McFadden, J. T., 1968. Dynamics and regulation of salmonid populations in streams. Symposium on Salmon and Trout in Streams, Ed. Northcote, T. G.. Vancouver: Macmillan, Univ. B.C.Google Scholar
Madison, D. M., Horral, R. M., Stasko, A. B. and Hasler, A. D., 1972. Migratory movements of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhychus nerka) in coastal British Columbia as revealed by ultrasonic tracking. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 29, 1025–1033.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mardia, K. V., 1972. Statistics of directional data. New York: Academic.Google Scholar
Mardia, K. V., 1976. Linear-circular correlation coefficients and rhythmometry. Biometrika, 63, 403–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moran, P. A. P., 1968. An introduction to probability theory. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Morgan, R. I. G., 1973. Some aspects of the metabolism of brown trout and perch. Stirling Univ., Ph.D. thesis.Google Scholar
Patten, B. C., 1964. The rational decision process in salmon migration. J. Cons. Perm. Int. Explor. Mer 28, 410–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poddubnyi, A. G., Spiktor, Yu. I. and Kidiun, S. M., 1966. The results of preliminary experiments in tracking sturgeon carrying electronic tracer tags. Vop. Ikthiol. 6, 725–734.Google Scholar
Priede, I. G. and Young, A. H., 1977. The ultrasonic telementry of cardiac rhythms of wild freeliving Brown trout (Salmo trutta) as an indicator of bioenergetics and behaviour. J. Fish. Biol. 10, 299–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saila, S. B. and Shappy, R. A., 1963. Random movement and orientation in salmon migration. J. Cons. Perm. Int. Explor. Mer 28, 6153–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smit, H., 1965. Some experiments on the oxygen consumption of goldfish (Carassius auratus) in relation to swimming speed. Can. J. Zool. 43, 623–633.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, J. N. M., 1974. The food searching behaviour of two European thrushes I. Description and analysis of search paths. Behaviour 48, 276–302, and II. The adaptiveness of the search patterns. Behaviour 49, 1–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stasko, A. B., Horral, R. M., Hasler, A. D. and Stasko, D., 1973. Coastal movements of mature Fraser River pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) as revealed by ultrasonic tracking. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 30, 1309–1316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tesch, F. W., 1972. Experiments on telemetric tracking of spawning migration of eels (Anquilla anquilla) in the North Sea. Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters. 23, 165–183, and Fish Res. Bd Can. Trans. Ser. 2724, 29 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tytler, P., 1969. Relationship between oxygen consumption and swimming speed in the Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Nature, Lond., 221, 274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weihs, D., 1974. Energetic advantages of burst swimming of fish. J. Theor. Biol. 48, 215–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wynne-Edwards, V. C., 1962. Animal dispersion in relation to social behaviour. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.Google Scholar
Young, A. H., Tytler, P., Holliday, F. G. T. and MacFarlane, A., 1972. A small sonic tag for measurement of locomotor behaviour in fish. J. Fish. Biol. 4, 57–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, A. H., Tytler, P. and Holliday, F. G. T., 1976. New developments in ultrasonic fish tracking. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. B 75, 145–155.Google ScholarPubMed