Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-xfwgj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-08T02:14:39.491Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The ecology of macroalgae in the Firth of Clyde*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2011

Trevor A. Norton
Trevor A. Norton
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Biology, University of Liverpool, Port Erin, Isle of Man
Get access

Synopsis

The distribution of seaweeds in the Firth of Clyde is described. The patterns of algal distribution are discussed in relation to propagule dispersal and recruitment, and the physiological ecology of the plants. Particular attention is given to the influence of biotic factors: competition, grazing by invertebrates and the effects of man.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B: Biological Sciences , Volume 90: The Environment of the Estuary and Firth of Clyde , 1986 , pp. 255 - 269
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

This paper is dedicated to Professor Don Boney in recgnition of his contribution to the phycology of the Clyde and in gratitude for this encouragement and support over many years.

References

Ballantine, W. J. 1961. A biologically–defined exposure scale for the comparative description of rocky shores. Field Studies 1, 1–19.Google Scholar
Boney, A. D. 1978. Marine algae as collectors of iron ore dust. Marine Pollution Bulletin 9, 175–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boney, A. D. 1980.Effects of sea water suspensions of iron ore dust on Fucus oospores. Marine Pollution Bulletin 11, 41–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boney, A. D. & Venn, T. 1981. Ferric oxide incrustations on cell walls of the green alga Cladophora rupestris growing near an iron ore unloading terminal. Chemistry in Ecology 1, 145–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bray, A. M. 1983. Propagnle production and competition in species of Fucus. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Glasgow.Google Scholar
Chapman, V. J. 1948. Seaweed resources along the shores of Great Britain. Economic Botany 2, 363–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clokie, J. J. P. & Boney, A. D. 1979a. Check-list of marine algae in the Firth of Clyde. Scottish Field Studies 2 (suppl.), 55–72.Google Scholar
Clokie, J. J. P. & Boney, A. D. 1979b. David Landsborough (1779–1854): An assessment of his contribution to algal studies in the Firth of Clyde. Glasgow Naturalist 19, 443–162.Google Scholar
Clokie, J. J. P. & Boney, A. D. 1980a. The assessment of changes in intertidal ecosystems following major reclamation work: Frame-work for interpretation of algal-dominated biota and the use and misuse of data. In The Shore Environment, Vol 2, Ecosystems, eds. Price, J. H., Irvine, D. E. G. & Farnham, W. F., pp. 609–675. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Clokie, J. J. P. & Boney, A. D. 1980b. Concliocelis distribution in the Firth of Clyde: estimates of the lower limits of the photic zone. Journal oj Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 46, 111–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clokie, J. J. P. & Boney, A. D. 1981. Pollution and marine algal communities in the Firth of Clyde. Glasgow Naturalist 20, 133–144.Google Scholar
Clokie, J. J. P. & Boney, A. D. Norton, T. A. 1974. The effects of grazing on the algal vegetation of pebbles from the Firth of Clyde. British Phycological Journal 9, 216.Google Scholar
Clokie, J. J. P. & Boney, A. D. 1975. Synoptic relationships of macro–algae in the mid-Clyde. British Phycological Journal 10, 309–310.Google Scholar
Conway, E. 1946. Browsing of Patella. Nature, London 158, 752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conway, E. 1967. Aspects of algal ecology. British Phycological Bulletin 3, 167–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Filion, C. 1976. Host specificity of marine organisms on seaweeds. Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh 42, 530–531.Google Scholar
Filion-Myklebust, C. & Norton, T. A. 1981. Epidermis shedding in the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis, and its ecological significance. Marine Biology Letters 2, 45–51.Google Scholar
Gibb, D. C. 1939. Some marine algal communities of Great Cumbrae. Journal of Ecology 27, 364–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hruby., T. 1977. Temporal changes in community structure on a rocky shore in the Firth of Clyde. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Glasgow.Google Scholar
Hruby., T. & Norton, T. A. 1976. Algal recolonization of cleared patches on a rocky shore in the Firth of Clyde. British PhycologicalJournal 11, 195–196.Google Scholar
Hruby., T. & Norton, T. A. 1979. Algal colonization on rocky shores in the Firth of Clyde. Journal of Ecology 67, 65–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, R. & Boney, A. D. 1984. Growth interactions between littoral diatoms and juvenile marine algae. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 81, 21–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, R. & Boney, A. D. 1985. Individual and combined interactions between littoral diatoms and sporelings of red algae. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 85, 101–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, H. G. & Norton, T. A. 1979. Internal factors controlling the rate of evaporation from fronds of some intertidal algae. New Phytologist 83, 771–781.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, H. G. & Norton, T. A. 1981. The role of internal factors in controlling evaporation from intertidal algae. In Plants and their Atmospheric Environment, eds. Grace, J., Ford, E. D. & Jarvis, P. G., British Ecological Society Symposium 21, 231–235.Google Scholar
Kain, J. M. 1961. Some sublittoral records. British Phycological Bulletin 2, 80–86.Google Scholar
Kain, J. M. 1962. Aspects of the biology of Laminaria hyperborea I. Vertical distribution. Journal of the Marine Biological Association 42, 377–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kain, J. M. 1963. Aspects of the biology of Laminaria hyperborea II. Age, weight and length. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 43, 129–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khfaji, A. K. 1978. Experimental and ecological studies on the alga Gigartina stellata (Stackh. in With. ) Bait. Ph.D. thesis, University of Glasgow.Google Scholar
Kain, J. M. & Boney, A. D. 1979. Antibiotic effects of crustose germlings of the red alga Chondrus crispus Stackh. on benthic diatoms. Annals of Botany 43, 231–232.Google Scholar
Kain, J. M. & Norton, T. A. 1979. The effects of salinity on the distribution of Fucus ceranoides. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 8, 433–139.Google Scholar
Lewis, J. R. & Powell, H. T. 1960. Aspects of the intertidal ecology of rocky shores in Argyll, Scotland. 1. General description of the area. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 64, 45–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Little, M. G. 1973. The zonation of marine supralittoral blue–green algae. British Phycological Journal 8, 47–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAllister, H. A., Norton, T. A. & Conway, E. 1967. Sublittoral marine algae from the West of Scotland. British Phycological Journal 3, 175–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, S. M., Newton, L. & Orr, A. P. 1949. A study of certain British seaweeds and their utilization in the preparation of agar, pp. 1–184. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Moore, P.G. 1977. Organization in simple communities: observations on the natural history of Hyale nilssoni (Amphipoda) in high littoral seaweeds. In Biology of Benthic Organisms, eds. Keegan, B. F., Ceidigh, P. O. & Boaden, P. J. S., pp. 443–451.Google Scholar
Norton, T. A. 1974. Studies on the seaweeds of the Clyde Sea Area. In The Clyde Estuary and Firth. An assessment of present knowledge.Natural Environment Research Council Publications Cll, 43–48.Google Scholar
Norton, T. A. 1985. The zonation of seaweeds on rocky shores In The Ecology of Rocky Coasts, eds. Moore, P. G. & Seed, R.. pp. 7–21. London: Hodder & Stoughton.Google Scholar
Norton, T. A. & Milburn, J. A. 1972. Direct observations on the sublittoral marine algae of Argyll, Scotland. Hydrobiologia 40, 55–68.Google Scholar
Powell, H. T. 1950. Marine algology. Report of the Scottish Marine Biological Association 1949–50, 10–12.Google Scholar
Pyefinch, K. A. 1946. Methods of assessment of antifouling compositions. Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 11, 229–243.Google Scholar
Pyefinch, K. A. 1948.Biological aspects of the fouling problem. Journal of Oil and Colour Chemists Association 31, 461–68.Google Scholar
Pyefinch, K. A. 1950. Studies on marine fouling organisms. Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 165, 214–220.Google Scholar
Richardson, W. D. 1954. Sublittoral seaweed survey Part 39. Davarr Ho. to Cove Point, S.E. Kintyre. Report of the Institute of Seaweed Research 179, 1–6.Google Scholar
Rugg, D. A. & Norton, T. A. 1986. Pelvelia canaliculata, a high–shore seaweed that shuns the sea. In Plant Life in Aquatic and Amphibious Habitats, ed. Roberts, R. M. M. British Ecological Society Special Symposium, 347–358.Google Scholar
Schonbeck, M. W. 1976. Adaptations to drought in intertidal seaweeds. Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh 42, 531–532.Google Scholar
Schonbeck, M. W. & Norton, T. A. 1978. Factors controlling the upper limits of fucoid algae on the shore. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 31, 303–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schonbeck, M. W. & Norton, T. A. 1979a. An investigation of drought avoidance in intertidal fucoid algae. Botanica Marina 22, 133–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schonbeck, M. W. & Norton, T. A. 1979b. The effects of brief periodic submergence on intertidal algae. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 8, 205–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schonbeck, M. W. & Norton, T. A. 1979c. Drought-hardening in the upper-shore seaweeds Fucus spiralis and Pelvetia canaliculata. Journal of Ecology 67, 687–696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schonbeck, M. W. & Norton, T. A. 1979d. The effects of diatoms on the growth of Fucus spiralis germlings in culture. Botanica Marina 22, 233–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schonbeck, M. W. & Norton, T. A. 1980a. Factors controlling the lower limits of fucoid algae on the shore. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 43, 131–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schonbeck, M. W. & Norton, T. A. 1980b. The effects on intertidal fucoid algae of exposure to air under various conditions. Botanica Marina 23, 141–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, W. D. P. 1961. Studies in the biological fixation of nitrogen. Ph.D. thesis, University of Glasgow.Google Scholar
Walker, F. T. 1950. Sublittoral seaweed survey, Pt. 21. Campbeltown to Carradale, E. Kintyre. Report of the Institute of Seaweed Research 140, 1–5.Google Scholar
Walker, F. T. 1953. Sublittoral seaweed survey. Part 33. Isle of Arran–West II. Report of the Institute of Seaweed Research 164, 1–7.Google Scholar
Walker, F. T. 1954. Distribution of Laminariaceae around Scotland. Journal du Conseil permanent international pour iexploration de la mer 20, 160–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, F. T. 1956. Periodicity of the Laminariaceae around Scotland. Nature, London 177, 1246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, F. T. 1957. Sublittoral seaweed survey. Part 64. Isle of Arran, 1956. Report of the Institute of Seaweed Research 211, 1–9.Google Scholar
Walker, F. T. 1958. An ecological study of the Laminariaceae of Ailsa Craig, Holy Island. Inchmarnock, May Island and Seaforth Island. Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh 37, 182–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, F. T. & Richardson, W. D. 1957a. Survey of the Laminariaceae off the Island of Arran: Changes from 1952–1955. Journal of Ecology 45, 225–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, F. T. & Richardson, W. D. 1957b. Perennial changes of Laminaria cloustoni Edm. on the coasts of Scotland. Journal du Conseil international permanent pour l'exploralion de la mer 22, 298–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, D. C. 1983. Seaweed palatability and selective grazing by littoral gastropods. Ph.D. thesis, University of Glasgow.Google Scholar
Watson, D. C. & Norton, T. A. 1985a. Dietary preferences of the common periwinkle, Littorina littorea. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 88, 193–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, D. C. & Norton, T. A. 1985b. The physical characteristics of seaweed as deterrents to littorine grazers. Botanica Marina 28, 383–387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, C. P. L. & Norton., T. A. 1986. Stick, twist or bust; the mechanical properties of seaweed thalli. British Phycological Journal 21, 339.Google Scholar