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‘Fire Burn and Cauldron Bubble’: Iron Age and Early Roman Cauldrons of Britain and Ireland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 October 2014

Jody Joy
Jody Joy*
Affiliation:
Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, jpj32@cam.ac.uk
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Abstract

‘A man can live to 50 but a cauldron will live to 100’ – Old Kazakh saying

This paper presents a re-examination of Iron Age and early Roman cauldrons, a little studied but important artefact class that have not been considered as a group since the unpublished study of Loughran of 1989. Cauldrons are categorised into two broad types (projecting-bellied and globular) and four groups. New dating evidence is presented, pushing the dating of these cauldrons back to the 4th century bc. A long held belief that cauldrons are largely absent from Britain and Ireland between 600 and 200 bc is also challenged through this re-dating and the identification of cauldrons dating from 600–400 bc. Detailed examination of the technology of manufacture and physical evidence of use and repair indicates that cauldrons are technically accomplished objects requiring great skill to make. Many have been extensively repaired, showing they were in use for some time. It is argued that owing to their large capacity cauldrons were not used every day but were instead used at large social gatherings, specifically at feasts. The social role of feasting is explored and it is argued that cauldrons derive much of their significance from their use at feasts, making them socially powerful objects, likely to be selected for special deposition.

Résumé

‘Feu, brûle; et, chaudron, bouillonne’: Chaudrons de l’âge du fer et du début de la période romaine en Grande-Bretagne et Irlande, de Jody Joy

Cet article présente un nouvel examen des chaudrons de l’âge du fer et du début de la période romaine, une classe d’artefacts peu étudiée mais néanmoins importante qui n’a plus été considérée comme un groupe depuis l’étude non publiée de Loughran en 1989. Les chaudrons sont classés en deux grands types (avec panse saillante et globulaire) et quatre groupes. Nous présentons de nouveaux témoignages de datation, repoussant la date de ces chaudrons au IVe siècle av.J.-C. Nous remettons aussi en question une vieille croyance que les chaudrons étaient en grande partie absents de la Grande-Bretagne et de l’Irlande entre 600 et 200 av.J.-C.grâce à cette nouvelle datation et à l’identification de chaudrons datant d’entre 600 et 400 av.J.-C. Un examen détaillé de la technique de fabrication et des preuves physiques d’usage et de réparations indiquent que les chaudrons étaient des objets techniquement accomplis dont la fabrication nécessitait une grande habileté. Beaucoup avaient subi de nombreuses réparations, ce qui montre qu’ils avaient été utilisés pendant un certain temps. Nous argumentons qu’en raison de leur grande capacité, ces chaudrons ne servaient pas tous les jours mais étaient au contraire utilisés à l’occasion de grands rassemblements sociaux, spécialement à des banquets. Nous explorons le rôle du banquet dans la société et nous argumentons qu’une grande partie de l’importance des chaudrons vient de leur usage à ces banquets, ce qui en fait des objets socialement puissants, susceptibles d’être choisis pour des dépôts particuliers.

Zussamenfassung

„Kessel brodelt, Feuer zischt”: Eisenzeitliche und frührömische Kessel Großbritanniens und Irlands, von Jody Joy

Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Neuuntersuchung eisenzeitlicher und frührömischer Kessel vor, die eine selten untersuchte, aber wichtige Artefaktklasse sind, die seit der unpublizierten Arbeit von Loughran (1989) nicht wieder besprochen wurde. Kessel können in zwei generelle Typen– mit vorstehendem Bauch und kugelige – und in vier Gruppen unterschieden werden. Neue Datierungen werden vorgelegt, die diese Kessel bis ins 4. Jh. v. Chr. zurückdatieren. Auch die langlebige Annahme, dass Kessel zwischen 600 und 200 v. Chr. in Großbritannien und Irland weitgehend fehlen, wird mithilfe dieser Neudatierungen und der Identifikation von Kesseln in Frage gestellt, die zwischen 600 und 400 v. Chr. datiert werden. Die detaillierte Untersuchung der Technologie ihrer Herstellung und der Spuren von Gebrauch und Reparaturen deuten an, dass Kessel technisch ausgefeilte Objekte sind, deren Herstellung große Fertigkeiten erfordert. Viele sind extensiv repariert worden, was zeigt, dass sie für einige Zeit in Gebrauch waren. Es wird argumentiert, dass Kessel aufgrund ihres großen Fassungsvermögens nicht alltäglich benutzt wurden, sondern stattdessen großen sozialen Zusammenkünften vorbehalten waren, insbesondere Festen. Die soziale Rolle von Feasting wird diskutiert und es wird argumentiert, dass Kessel viel von ihrer Bedeutung durch ihren Gebrauch bei Festen erlangten, was sie zu sozial einflussreichen Objekten machte, für die die Wahrscheinlichkeit hoch war für spezielle Deponierungspraktiken ausgewählt zu werden.

Resumen

‘Fuego, quemar; caldero, bullir’: calderos de la Edad del Hierro e inicios de época romana en Gran Bretaña e Irlanda, por Jody Joy

Este artículo presenta un nuevo examen de los calderos de la Edad del Hierro e inicios de época romana, una clase de artefacto poco estudiado pero importante que no ha sido considerado como grupo desde el estudio inédito de Loughran in 1989. Los calderos se clasifican en dos tipos generales (de panza prominente y globulares) y en cuatro grupos. Se presentan nuevas evidencias sobre su datación, retrotrayendo la fecha de estos calderos al siglo IV BC. También La creencia de que estos calderos generalmente están ausentes en Inglaterra e Irlanda entre el 600 y el 200 bc es cuestionada por las nuevas dataciones y por la identificación de calderos datados entre el 600 y el 400 bc. Un examen detallado de la tecnología de manufactura y la evidencia física de su uso y reparación indica que los calderos eran objetos técnicamente complejos cuya elaboración requería una gran destreza. Muchos de ellos han sido intensamente reparados, reflejando que fueron usados durante cierto tiempo. Esto permite sostener que, debido a su gran capacidad, el uso de los calderos no era cotidiano sino destinado a las reuniones sociales, concretamente a los festines. Se explora el papel social de estos festines y se plantea que el significado de los calderos deriva de su empleo en ellos, convirtiéndolos en objetos socialmente poderosos, lo que probablemente les hace seleccionables para depósitos especiales.

Keywords

CauldrontypologyIron AgeBritainIrelandcopper alloyironfeasting
Type
Articles
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 80 , December 2014 , pp. 327 - 362
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 2014 

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References

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