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The Cronk yn How Stone and the Rock Art of the Isle of Man

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2014

Timothy Darvill ,
Blaze O'Connor ,
Paul Cheetham ,
Vanessa Constant ,
Robert Nunn  and
Kate Welham
Timothy Darvill
Affiliation:
Archaeology and Historic Environment Group, School of Conservation Sciences, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
Blaze O'Connor
Affiliation:
School of Archaeology, Newman Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
Paul Cheetham
Affiliation:
Archaeology and Historic Environment Group, School of Conservation Sciences, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
Vanessa Constant
Affiliation:
Archaeology and Historic Environment Group, School of Conservation Sciences, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
Robert Nunn
Affiliation:
Lyngarth, Mount Pleasant, Stoford, Wiltshire SP2 0PP, UK
Kate Welham
Affiliation:
Archaeology and Historic Environment Group, School of Conservation Sciences, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
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Abstract

Reappraisal of an early 20th century excavation at the Cronk yn How round barrow near Ramsey in the Isle of Man suggests that a stone pair was demolished during the 3rd millennium BC to make way for a round barrow with a single central burial. It is suggested that one of the stones from the original pair was decorated with a series of motifs before being incorporated into the barrow. Some of the motifs used find parallels amongst later Neolithic incised rock art on the walls of tombs and houses, and on stone plaques. Other motifs, including what appear to be representations of deer, serve to expand the repertoire of known designs and highlight the potential of this kind of this rather understudied category of rock art. Parallels for the zoomorphic motifs can be found in Scandinavia. A review of other rock art within the Isle of Man revealed more than 70 recorded panels at 55 individual sites making this one of the more densely populated rock art landscapes in the west of Britain. Two main styles are represented, the passage-grave style, which includes the Cronk yn How Stone, and the cup-mark dominated style, or Galician Style. The latter accounts for more than 95% of recorded sites which accords well with what is known of the Isle of Man's cultural relationships during the 4th and 3rd millennia BC.

Résumé

Une ré-évaluation des fouilles menées au début du XXème siècle au tertre rond de Cronk yn How près de Ramsey, dans l'île de Man, donne à penser qu'une paire de pierres a été démolie au cours du 3ème millénaire av. J.-C. pour faire de la place pour un tertre rond avec une seule inhumation centrale. On suggère que l'une des pierres de la paire originale a été ornée d'une série de motifs avant d'être incorporée dans le tertre. Certains des motifs utilisés ont des parallèles parmi l'art rupestre incisé du néolithique tardif sur les murs de tombes et de maisons et sur des plaques de pierre. D'autres motifs, y compris ce qui semble être des représentations de cerfs, contribuent à étendre notre répertoire des dessins connus et met en évidence le potentiel pour ce type d'art rupestre plutôt sous-étudié. On peut trouver des parallèles pour les motifs zoomorphiques en Scandinavie. Une revue d'autres exemples d'art rupestre dans l'île de Man a révélé l'existence de plus de 70 panneaux répertoriés sur 55 sites individuels, ce qui en fait l'un des paysages d'art rupestre les plus denses de l'ouest de la Grande-Bretagne. Deux styles principaux sont représentés, le style tombe à couloir, qui comprend Cronk yn How, et le style dominé par les disques, ou style Galicien. Ce dernier compte pour plus de 95% des sites répertoriés, ce qui s'accorde bien avec ce que nous savons des relations culturelles de l'île de Man au cours des 4ème et 3ème millénaires av. J.-C.

Zusammenfassung

Die Neubewertung einer Ausgrabung aus dem frühen 20. Jahrhundert des Rundhügelgrabs in Cronk yn How bei Ramsey auf der Isle of Man zeigt, dass ein Steinpaar während des 3. Jahrtausends zerstört wurde, um für ein Rundhügelgrab mit zentralen Einzelgrab Platz zu schaffen. Es deutet sich weiterhin an, dass einer der Steine des ursprünglichen Paares mit einer Reihe von Motiven verziert war, bevor er in den Grabhügel inkorporiert wurde. Für einige der benutzten Motive finden sich Parallelen in den Spätneolithischen Felsritzungen auf den Wänden von Gräbern und Häusern und einiger Steinplatten. Andere Motive – inklusive möglicher Darstellungen von Rehen -werden herangezogen, um das Repertoire bekannter Darstellungen zu erweitern und verdeutlichen das Potential dieser Art der Felskunst, die bisher noch unzureichend untersucht wurde. Parallelen zu den zoomorphen Motiven finden sich in Skandinavien. Bei einer Durchsicht weiterer Felskunst der Isle of Man wurden mehr als 70 bereits aufgenommene Platten von 55 Fundstellen entdeckt, die diese Region damit zu einer der am dichtest bestückten Felskunstlandschaften im Westen von Großbritannien macht. Zwei Hauptstile sind dargestellt: der Ganggrab-Stil, zu dem auch der Cronk yn How Stein gehört, und der von Näpfchen-Darstellungen dominierte Stil, den man auch als Galizischen Stil. Zu dem letzteren gehören mehr als 95% der aufgenommenen Fundstellen, was den bekannten kulturellen Verhältnissen der Isle of Man während des 4. und 3. Jahrtausend BC gut entspricht.

Résumen

La re-evaluación de una excavación de comienzos del siglo XX en el Túmulo redondo de Cronk yn How cerca de Ramsey en la Isla de Man sugiere que un par de piedra fue destruido en el tercer milenio a.C. para dejar paso a un túmulo circular con una única cámara mortuoria central. Se sugiere que una de las piedras del par original fue decorada con una serie de motivos antes de ser incorporada en el túmulo. Algunos de los motivos usados guardan un paralelismo con los grabados de arte rupestre del neolítico tardío en las paredes de tumbas y casas, y en placas de piedra. Otros motivos, que incluyen lo que parecen ser representaciones de ciervos, contribuyen a aumentar el repertorio de diseños conocidos y resaltan el potencial de este tipo de arte rupestre que normalmente es poco estudiado. Se encuentran paralelos de los motivos zoomórficos en Escandinavia. Una revisión de otro arte rupestre en la Isla de Man reveló más de 70 paneles registrados en 55 yacimientos individuales, lo que la convierte en uno de los parajes más densamente poblados con arte rupestre en el oeste de Gran Bretaña. Hay dos estilos principales representados, el estilo de las tumbas de corredor, que incluye la Piedra de Cronk yn How, y el estilo dominado por marcas de cazoleta, o estilo Galaico. Este último representa más del 95% de los yacimientos registrados, una cifra que está de acuerdo con lo que se conoce de las relaciones culturales de la Isla de Man durante el cuarto y tercer milenio a.C.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 71 , 2005 , pp. 283 - 331
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 2005

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