Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen,—I know the time of this Association is very precious, and I do not intend to exceed it. I will, therefore, not make any preliminary remarks, but shall at once commence my subject. By means of the sketch you now see on the screen I propose to explain as briefly as possible the position of the parts that had to be photographed. There are only two things I need say anything about; the one is the larynx, and the other the soft palate. There is no necessity to say anything about the others, because they speak for themselves. The larynx, or voice box, you see down below in the throat. This is the left half of the body, the right half being supposed to be cut away. Here you see the left vocal cord, or left vocal ligament, and above that this curved line shows the left pocket ligament, and between these two ligaments there is an opening. That is the opening running into the left ventricle, or pouch or pocket of the larynx. It is maintained by some that, in the act of singing, a tone is imprisoned, as it were, in the cavity formed between these two pairs of ligaments, and that an explosion takes place which ushers the tone into the world. It has always been a mystery to me how a tone can be imprisoned. I can understand that air can be imprisoned, but not a tone. I shall be able to show to you quite plainly—in fact, it is one of the lessons enforced by these photographs—that the pocket ligaments never meet in phonation, therefore it is quite impossible that any air or tone could be imprisoned in the cavity between those ligaments and the vocal ligaments. If we go a little higher up, we see here the lid or epiglottis forming, with some adjoining parts, a tube through which the air passes up and down, and over which the food goes in the act of swallowing. The food has to pass over the voice box and behind the wind-pipe, through the gullet into the stomach, and the lid allows itself to be drawn over the aperture of the tube just described, thereby closing it. If at any time that act is not performed properly a little food will find its way into the voice box, with what result we all know. We then say the food has gone “the wrong way.” It is very necessary to be clear about this tube. Through it we have to breathe and to sing, and down it we have to look by means of the laryngoscope if we wish to see what is going on in the larynx.