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Solar cycles reconstructed over the last millennium: Do Waldmeier and Gnevysev-Ohl rules work?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 September 2023

Markus Similä  and
Ilya Usoskin Open the ORCID record for Ilya Usoskin [Opens in a new window]
Markus Similä
Affiliation:
Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit and Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Ilya Usoskin
Affiliation:
Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit and Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Abstract

Using tree-ring radiocarbon 14C data, solar cycles are now reconstructed for the last millennium, more than doubling the previously known statistic of direct solar observations and giving a new opportunity to validate basic empirical rules connecting solar cycle lengths, strengths and intensities. This includes the Waldmeier rule relating the cycle’s strength to the length of its ascending phase, and the Gnevyshev-Ohl rule suggesting that cycles are paired so that the intensity of an odd solar cycle is higher than that of the preceding even cycle. Using the extended solar-cycle statistic, we found that the Waldmeier rule remains robust for the well-defined solar cycles implying that it is an intrinsic feature of the solar cycle. However, the validity of the Gnevyshev-Ohl rule is not confirmed at any reasonable statistical level, indicating that either the insufficient accuracy of the reconstructed solar cycles or that this rule is not a robust feature.

Keywords

Sunspot numbersSolar cycleWaldmeier ruleGnevyshev-Ohl rule
Type
Contributed Paper
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 18 , Symposium S372: The Era of Multi-Messenger Solar Physics , August 2022 , pp. 70 - 75
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Astronomical Union

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