Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T00:57:07.478Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Towards a Contemporary Design Framework for Systems-of-Systems Resilience

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2022

K. M. Dreesbeimdiek*
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
C.-M. von Behr
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
C. Brayne
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
P. J. Clarkson
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In an increasingly interconnected world, changes of uncertain nature and impact affect the functioning of human societies that depend on health, ecological, and economic systems. The proposed framework for systems-of-systems resilience explains ways of accommodating and responding to these challenges while encompassing the interfaces of the health, environment, and economy domains and their effect on communities. Resilience is defined as a continuous process and we distinguish between four system properties, five resilience capacities, and a variety of system activities.

Type
Article
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2022.

References

Alexander, D., 2013. Resilience and disaster risk reduction: an etymological journey. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 13. 10.5194/nhess-13-2707-2013CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderies, J.M., Folke, C., Walker, B., Ostrom, E., 2013. Aligning Key Concepts for Global Change Policy: Robustness, Resilience, and Sustainability. Ecol. Soc. 18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrew, R., Peters, G., 2021. The Global Carbon Project's fossil CO2 emissions dataset. 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5646421.v1Google Scholar
Bałys, M., Brodawka, E., Korzeniewska, A., Szczurowski, J., Zarębska, K., 2021. LCA and economic study on the local oxygen supply in Central Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci. Total Environ. 786, 147401. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147401CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béné, C., Newsham, A., Davies, M., Ulrichs, M., Godfrey-Wood, R., 2014. Review Article: Resilience, Poverty and Development. J. Int. Dev. 26, 598623. 10.1002/jid.2992CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boon, H.J., Cottrell, A., King, D., Stevenson, R.B., Millar, J., 2012. Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory for modelling community resilience to natural disasters. Nat. Hazards 60, 381408.Google Scholar
Bousquet, F., Quinn, T., Therville, C., Mathevet, R., Barreteau, O., Bonté, B., Guerbois, C., 2021. Social and Ecological Systems Resilience and Identity. pp. 705724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burck, J., Hagen, U., Bals, C., Höhne, N., Nascimento, L., Essop, T., Binz, S., Lucas, B., 2020. The Climate Change Performance Index 2021 [WWW Document]. NewClimate Inst. URL https://newclimate.org/2020/12/07/the-climate-change-performance-index-2021/ (accessed 6.8.21).Google Scholar
Clarkson, P.J., Simons, C., Eckert, C., 2004. Predicting change propagation in complex design. J. Mech. Des. 126, 788797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coetzee, C., Van Niekerk, D., Raju, E., 2016. Disaster resilience and complex adaptive systems theory: Finding common grounds for risk reduction. Disaster Prev. Manag. 25, 196211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckert, C., Clarkson, P.J., Zanker, W., 2004. Change and customisation in complex engineering domains. Res. Eng. Des. 15, 121. 10.1007/s00163-003-0031-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folke, C., 2006. Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses. Glob. Environ. Change 16, 253267. 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.04.002Google Scholar
Fricke, E., Schulz, A.P., 2005. Design for changeability (DfC): Principles to enable changes in systems throughout their entire lifecycle. Syst. Eng. 8. 10.1002/sys.20039Google Scholar
Gorod, A., Sauser, B., Boardman, J., 2008. System-of-Systems Engineering Management: A Review of Modern History and a Path Forward. IEEE Syst. J. 2, 484499. 10.1109/JSYST.2008.2007163Google Scholar
Graham, H.R., Bagayana, S.M., Bakare, A.A., Olayo, B.O., Peterson, S.S., Duke, T., Falade, A.G., 2020. Improving Hospital Oxygen Systems for COVID-19 in Low-Resource Settings: Lessons From the Field. Glob. Health Sci. Pract. 8, 858862. 10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00224CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gunderson, L.H., 2000. Ecological Resilience—In Theory and Application. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 31, 425439.Google Scholar
Hancock, T., 1999. Health care reform and reform for health: creating a health system for communities in the 21st century. Futures 31, 417436. 10.1016/S0016-3287(99)00003-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holling, C.S., 1973. Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 4, 123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hubka, V., Eder, W., 1988. Theory of Technical Systems, A Total Concept Theory for Engineering Design.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, S., Hailey, V., Willett, K.D., Ferris, T., Specking, E.A., 2021. Patterns for Achieving Resilience in Engineered and Organizational Systems, in: Multisystemic Resilience. Oxford University Press, New York. 10.1093/oso/9780190095888.003.0036Google Scholar
James, P., Magee, L., 2017. Domains of Sustainability. 10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2760-1Google Scholar
Joseph, J., 2013. Resilience as embedded neoliberalism: a governmentality approach. Resilience 1, 3852. 10.1080/21693293.2013.765741Google Scholar
Kjӕrgård, B., Land, B., Bransholm Pedersen, K., 2014. Health and sustainability. Health Promot. Int. 29, 558568. 10.1093/heapro/das071Google Scholar
Kumar, A., Gunnam, P.R., Jat, B., Kant, R., 2021. Medical gas pipeline system as a limiting factor for hospital oxygen supply during COVID-19 outbreak. Indian J. Anaesth. 65, 834836. 10.4103/ija.ija_683_21Google ScholarPubMed
Lamberton, G., 2005. Sustainable sufficiency – an internally consistent version of sustainability. Sustain. Dev. 13, 5368. 10.1002/sd.245CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lennox, L., Maher, L., Reed, J., 2018. Navigating the sustainability landscape: a systematic review of sustainability approaches in healthcare. Implement. Sci. 13, 27.Google ScholarPubMed
Maier, H.R., Guillaume, J.H.A., van Delden, H., Riddell, G.A., Haasnoot, M., Kwakkel, J.H., 2016. An uncertain future, deep uncertainty, scenarios, robustness and adaptation: How do they fit together? Environ. Model. Softw. 81, 154164. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.03.014Google Scholar
Meadows, D.H., Meadows, D.L., Randers, J., Behrens, W.W., 1972. The Limits to Growth: A report for the Club of Rome's Project on the Predicament of Mankind. Universe Books.Google Scholar
Nelson, K., Gillespie-Marthaler, L., Baroud, H., Abkowitz, M., Kosson, D., 2020. An integrated and dynamic framework for assessing sustainable resilience in complex adaptive systems. Sustain. Resilient Infrastruct. 5, 311329. 10.1080/23789689.2019.1578165CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsson, L., Jerneck, A., Thoren, H., Persson, J., O'Byrne, D., 2015. Why resilience is unappealing to social science: Theoretical and empirical investigations of the scientific use of resilience. Sci. Adv. 1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pahl, G., Beitz, W., 1996. Engineering Design: A Systematic Approach. Springer-Verl. 21, 7171.Google Scholar
Palmer, E., Rhodes, D., Watson, M., Haskins, C., Olaya, C., Presland, I., Fossum, K., 2021. Putting the Social in Systems Engineering: An Overview and Conceptual Development. INCOSE Int. Symp. 31, 685698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purvis, B., Mao, Y., Robinson, D., 2019. Three pillars of sustainability: in search of conceptual origins. Sustain. Sci. 14, 681695. 10.1007/s11625-018-0627-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, A.M., Rhodes, D.H., Hastings, D.E., 2008. Defining changeability: Reconciling flexibility, adaptability, scalability, modifiability, and robustness for maintaining system lifecycle value. Syst. Eng. 11, 246262. 10.1002/sys.20098Google Scholar
Schumacher, E.F., 1973. Small is beautiful: a study of economics as if people mattered,. Blond and Briggs, London.Google Scholar
Sheard, S.A., Mostashari, A., 2009. Principles of complex systems for systems engineering. Syst. Eng. 12,295311. 10.1002/sys.20124Google Scholar
Ceng, Sillitto, H., Dori, D., Griego, R., Jackson, S., Krob, D., Cesames, Godfrey, P., Deng, Arnold, E., Martin, J., 2017. Defining " System ": a Comprehensive Approach. Presented at the 27th Annual INCOSE International Symposium, INCOSE Fellows, Adelaide, Australia.Google Scholar
Stokols, D., Lejano, R.P., Hipp, J., 2013. Enhancing the Resilience of Human–Environment Systems: a Social Ecological Perspective. Ecol. Soc. 18, art7. 10.5751/ES-05301-180107Google Scholar
Suh, N.P., 1990. The principles of design. Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Uday, P., Marais, K., 2015. Designing Resilient Systems-of-Systems: A Survey of Metrics, Methods, and Challenges. Syst. Eng. 18, 491510. 10.1002/sys.21325CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, B., Salt, D., 2012. Resilience Practice: Building Capacity to Absorb Disturbance and Maintain Function.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, B., Mansouri, M., 2021. Dealing with COVID-19 Pandemic in Complex Societal System for Resilience Study: A Systems Approach. INCOSE Int. Symp. 31, 649663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, B.C., Chowdhry, A., Weissburg, M.J., Bras, B., 2021. A New Resilience Metric to Compare System of Systems Architecture. IEEE Syst. J. 112. 10.1109/JSYST.2021.3062444Google Scholar
WHO, 2018. Fact sheet – Obesity and overweight. Updated February 2018 [WWW Document]. URL https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight (accessed 11.4.21).Google Scholar
Wiig, S., Aase, K., Billett, S., Canfield, C., Røise, O., Njå, O., Guise, V., Haraldseid-Driftland, C., Ree, E., Anderson, J.E., Macrae, C., Bourrier, M., Berg, S.H., Bergerød, I.J., Schibevaag, L., Øyri, S.F., Sjøseth, S., O'Hara, J., Kattouw, C.E., Kalakou, F.T., Bentsen, S.B., Manser, T., Jeppesen, E., on behalf of the RiH-team, 2020. Defining the boundaries and operational concepts of resilience in the resilience in healthcare research program. BMC Health Serv. Res. 20, 330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wise, J., 2021. Covid-19: Highest death rates seen in countries with most overweight populations. BMJ 372, n623. 10.1136/bmj.n623CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhong, S., Clark, M., Hou, X.-Y., Zang, Y., Fitzgerald, G., 2014. Development of key indicators of hospital resilience: a modified Delphi study. J. Health Serv. Res. Policy 20.Google ScholarPubMed
Zio, E., Ferrario, E., 2013. A framework for the system-of-systems analysis of the risk for a safety-critical plant exposed to external events. Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 114, 114125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar