Iranian native fowls are raised for both meat and egg yield. Growth rate and egg production under conventional rearing systems in the villages are very low, Also, in past several decades imports of exotic breeds have increased the risk of extinction native fowl species. Evidence shows that there is good and useful variation in native fowl species for different traits, especially for those of economic importance. The objective of the current study is to estimate genetic parameters for economic traits of Iranian native fowl, so that efficient multi-trait selection programmes can be developed which will maximise economic return and secure genetic diversity.