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Individuals Before International Tribunals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2017

Edvard I. Hambro
Edvard I. Hambro*
Affiliation:
Northwestern University
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Type
Second Session
Information
Proceedings of the American Society of International Law at its annual meeting (1921-1969) , Volume 35 , 1941 , pp. 22 - 26
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1941

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References

1 See for instance, article by Dumas, in Revue de Droit International Public , 1908, p. 557 Google Scholar ff., and Art. III of the Washington Treaty of 1922 concerning submarines and poison gas.

2 Précis de droit des gens, I, Paris, 1932, II, Paris, 1934

3 See, for instance, the works by Pella; and Sottile, in Academie de Droit International de La Haye, Recueil des Cows , Vol. 65, p. 91 Google Scholar ff.

4 Published by the Carnegie Endowment

5 Revue Générate de Droit International Public, Vol. 43 (1936), p. 5 ff.

6 Vol. X (1936), p. 100 ff.

7 See Berekovski, in Académie de Droit International, Recueil des Cours , Vol. 65, p. 5 Google Scholar ff. and the literature he quotes.

8 Annuaire, 1929, Vol. II, p. 298 ff.

9 See the above-mentioned article by Herz.

10 It is obvious that duty and responsibility constitute the same criterion as right and competence.

11 See Sérénadès in Academie de Droit International, Recueil des Cours, Vol. 51, p. 1 ff.; doctoral dissertations by Fleury, , Un nouveau progres de la justice Internationale, l’accès des particuliers aux tribunaux , Paris (1932)Google Scholar, and Schulé, , Le droit d’accés des particuliers à la justice internationale , Paris (1935)Google Scholar.

12 Eyma, , Jean, , La Cour de Justice Centre-Americaine , Paris (1928)Google Scholar, and Hudson, Manley O. in Am. Jour. Int. Law, Vol. 26 (1932), p. 759 CrossRefGoogle Scholar ff.

13 See Kelsen, in Académie de Droit International, Recueil des Cours , Vol. 42, p. 165 Google Scholar ff.; Séiériadès, loc. cit., p. 32 ff., and the enumeration of treaties in Annuaire de l’Institut de Droit International, 1927, Vol. II, p. 606.

14 Arts. 4, 5, and 26.

15 Deuxième Conférence de la Paix, Actes et Documents, Vol. II, p. 789 ff

16 Miller, David Hunter, Drafting of the Covenant, Vol. II, pp. 752-753 Google Scholar, Art. 36.

17 Permanent Court of International Justice, Committee of Jurists, Procés-Verbaux, pp. 80-81.

18 Ibid., pp. 204 ff., 579-580 and 723.

19 See League of Nations document, 1938 V. C. 94, M. 47.

20 It was (in 1939) signed by 23 states but ratified only by India. The other convention is not in force either.

21 Art. 26, al. 2 says: “Any person directly injured by the offence, may, if authorized by the Court, and subject to any conditions which it may impose, constitute himself partie civile before the Court…”

22 See here the work of Sotille quoted above, Hudson, Manley O. in Am. Jour. Int. Law, Vol. 32, 1938, p. 549 ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar, Brown, P. M., ibid. , Vol. 35 (1941), p. 118 ff.Google Scholar, and Eustathiadèse, in Revue Générate de Droit International Public (1936), p. 385 ffGoogle Scholar.

23 Annuaire, 1923, pp. 97 ff. and 348 ff.

24 Associations internationales sans but lucratif.

25 Annuaire, 1923, p. 389, Art. 7, second paragraph.

26 Ibid., 1927, Vol. II, p. 601 ff.

27 Ibid., 1929, Vol. II, p. 289 f

28 Ibid., 1929, Vol. I, p. 505 ff. and II, p. 311.

29 Ibid., 1931, Vol. I, p. 256 ff. and II, p. 201 ff

30 P.C.I.J., Series E, No. 15, pp. 58-59. The same kind of remarks, with examples, will be found also in the same series, Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13.

31 See here Kelsen’s, very pertinent remarks in Revue Générate de Droit International Public (1936), pp. 10-11 Google Scholar, and remarks by Urrutia, in Annuaire , 1927, Vol. II, p. 667 Google Scholar.

32 See The Federalist, No. 16.

33 See, e.g., the preliminary report of the Commission to Study the Organization of Peace, International Conciliation, No. 369, April, 1941, p. 195 ff.