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CBRN Disaster Hospital Response and Preparedness. An Italian Civilian Military Cooperation Teaching Model

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2023

Alessandra Rossodivita
Affiliation:
ASST VALTELLINA E ALTO LARIO -HOSPITAL COMPLEX, Sondrio, Italy
Raniero Spaterna
Affiliation:
ASST VALTELLINA E ALTO LARIO -HOSPITAL COMPLEX, Sondrio, Italy
Lucia Folla
Affiliation:
ASST VALTELLINA E ALTO LARIO -HOSPITAL COMPLEX, Sondrio, Italy
Catia Paganoni
Affiliation:
ASST VALTELLINA E ALTO LARIO -HOSPITAL COMPLEX, Sondrio, Italy
Tommaso Saporito
Affiliation:
ASST VALTELLINA E ALTO LARIO -HOSPITAL COMPLEX, Sondrio, Italy
Massimo Ranghieri
Affiliation:
1st Territorial Unit, Auxiliary Military Corps of the Order of Malta, Milano, Italy
Matteo Guidotti
Affiliation:
1st Territorial Unit, Auxiliary Military Corps of the Order of Malta, Milano, Italy
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Abstract

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Introduction:

Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) emergencies need specific hospital preparedness and resource availability.

Preparing to evaluate and manage victims from CBRN exposure events in one aspect of hospital preparedness, is often underestimated. Specific skills and capabilities are required to manage these events. Emergency department (ED) and hospital staff need adequate training to provide safe and effective care.

Method:

The Hospital Complex of Valtellina and Alto Lario (with three hospitals), in consideration of the geographic location amid mountains, far from urban hospital centers, decided to develop an intensive training program for the hospital emergency staff. Firstly, it was based on an eight-hour initial training program, using a combined civilian military approach that included hazard recognition, substance identification, site safety, response roles, PPE use, and decontamination procedures. The CBRN Operational Unit (for prevention of chemical-biological-radiological-nuclear risks) of the 1st Territorial Unit of the Auxiliary Military Corps of the Order of Malta Italy led such training session showing that a military approach to CBRN threats can be used with civilian and military competencies and tools in managing specific hazardous events hospital first responders may face.

Results:

A drill exercise was performed on a radiological fall-out incident to test the hospital’s emergency response staff preparedness. Hospital management and decontamination procedures were analyzed to treat victims as well as first responders and to train hospital staff with few resources available.

Conclusion:

Hospitals need a specific level of preparedness to enable an effective response to CBRN emergencies. Skills and competencies of military personnel can be a resource in these kinds of events to train civilian personnel who are not normally acquainted to or confident to manage this kind of CBRN events, and can represent a new model and challenge of interagency cooperation in the disaster management of complex emergencies involving hazardous materials.

Type
Lightning and Oral Presentations
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine