Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T03:21:36.608Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

X-Ray Powder Diffraction Study of NBS Fly Ash Standard Reference Materials

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2016

Gregory J. McCarthy  and
Diane M. Johansen
Gregory J. McCarthy
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, U.S.A.
Diane M. Johansen
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, U.S.A.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The fly ash Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) issued by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Based on observations of large diffuse scattering maxima in their X-ray diffractograms, it was evident that all of the ashes had a high glass content. SRM 1633a and 2689, derived from the combustion of bituminous coal, contained different amounts of quartz, mullite, hematite and ferrite spinel (magnetite). SRM 2891, derived from subbituminous coal had quite a different chemical composition and a more complex crystalline phase assemblage, that included these four phases plus anhydrite, tricalcium aluminate, lime, periclase and minor phases. SRM 2690, also derived from subbituminous coal, had only quartz, mullite and ferrite spinel as detectable phases in its diffractogram. Analytical CaO is an important factor in determining the phase assemblage; SRM 2691 had 25.8 wt%, SRM-2690 had 8.0%, and the ash derived from bituminous coals had only 1.6-3.0%. The changing composition of the glass phases in the SRMs is detected in a shift in the position and shape of the diffuse scattering maximum in the diffractograms. Use of an internal intensity standard permitted quantitative comparisons of the relative amounts of crystalline phases among the four fly ash SRMs.

Type
Research Article
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 3 , Issue 3 , September 1988 , pp. 156 - 161
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Diamond, S. (1983), Cem. Concr. Res. 13, 459–464Google Scholar
Diamond, S. (1984), Cem. Concr. Res. 14, 455–462CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gehringer, R.C., McCarthy, G.J., Garvey, R.G. and Smith, D. K. (1983), Adv. X-Ray Anal. 26, 119–128.Google Scholar
Glasser, F. P., Diamond, S., Roy, D.M. (1987), in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal III, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Diamond, S., eds. Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol. 86, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 139–158.Google Scholar
Hemmings, R.T. and Berry, E.E. (1986), in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal II, McCarthy, G.J.Glasser, F.P. and Roy, D.M., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 65, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 91–104.Google Scholar
Hemmings, R.T., Berry, E.E. (1988), in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal IV, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M., Hemmings, R.T., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 113, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, pp. 3–38.Google Scholar
Hemmings, R.T., Berry, E.E., Cornelius, B.J.Scheetz, B.E. (1987), in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal III, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M., Diamond, S., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 86, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 81–98.Google Scholar
Kanare, H.M. (1986), in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal II, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P. and Roy, D.M., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 65, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 159–160.Google Scholar
McCarthy, G.J. (1986), Powder Diffraction 1, 50–56.Google Scholar
McCarthy, G.J. (1988), in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal IV, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Hemmings, R.T., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 113, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 75–86.Google Scholar
McCarthy, G.J., Gehringer, R.C., Smith, D.K., Injaian, V.M., Pfoertsch, D.E. and Kabel, R.L. (1981), Adv. X-Ray Anal 24, 253–264.Google Scholar
McCarthy, G.J., Johansen, D.M., Steinwand, S.J., Thedchanamoorthy, A. (1988), Adv. X-Ray Anal. 31, 331–342.Google Scholar
McCarthy, G.J., Manz, O.E., Stevenson, R.J., Hassett, D.J., Groenewold, G.H. (1986), in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal II, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., and Roy, D.M., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 65, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 165–166.Google Scholar
McCarthy, G.J., Manz, O.E., Johansen, D.M., Steinwand, S.J., Stevenson, R.J. and Hassett, D.H. (1987), in Fly Ash andCoal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal III, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Diamond, S., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol. 86, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 109–112.Google Scholar
McCarthy, G.J. and Steinwand, S.J. (1985), in Proc. 13th Biennial Lignite Symposium: Technology and Utilization of Low-Rank Coals, Jones, M.L., Ed., DOE/METC-86/6036(Vol.2), 600–608.Google Scholar
McCarthy, G.J., Swanson, K.D., Keller, L.P., Blatter, W.C. (1984), Cem. Concr. Res. 14, 471–478.Google Scholar
McMurdie, H.F., Morris, M.C., Evans, E.H., Paretzkin, B., Wong-Ng, W. (1986), Powder Diffraction 1, 40–43.Google Scholar
Moore, T., EPRI Journal 10, 6–19.Google Scholar
NBS Standard Reference Materials Catalog (1988–1989), R.W. Seward, editor, NBS Special Publication 260 [SRMs may be obtained from the Office of Standard Reference Materials, Roo m B311 Chemistry Bldg., National Bureau of Standards, Gaitersburg, MD 20899].Google Scholar
Shepard, M. (1985), EPRI Journal 10, 20–35.Google Scholar
Stevenson, R.J., Huber, T.P. (1987), in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal III, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M., Diamond, S. eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 86, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 99–108.Google Scholar
Stevenson, R.J. and McCarthy, G.J. (1986), in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal II, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P. and Roy, D.M., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 65, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 77–90.Google Scholar
Wong-Ng, W. and Hubbard, C.R. (1987), Powder Diffraction 2, 242–248.Google Scholar