Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vvkck Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T18:35:33.642Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Stories, emotions, partnerships and the quest for stable relationships in the Greenlandic mining sector

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 August 2020

Lill Rastad Bjørst*
Affiliation:
Head of the Centre for Innovation and Research in Culture and Living in the Arctic, Department of Culture and Learning, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
*
Author for correspondence: Lill Rastad Bjørst, E-mail: rastad@hum.aau.dk

Abstract

This study aims to understand the emotional labour and relationship building in connection to the expected mining industry in Greenland. Greenland mining is often portrayed as something that could create an economic basis for national independence which makes politicians curious about what a potential “partnership” could make possible. Envisioning future relationships (in debates about mining in Greenland) also set the framework for reinterpretation and redefinition of the past, to give meaning to promised new development; hence, this kind of future-making tends to be contested. The analysis centres around stories of what could be (if Greenland really was a place of mining), and the theoretical framework makes use of Ahmed’s and Wetherell’s interpretations of affective economies. Thus the study discusses emotional labour with a special focus on partnership, emotions and filtration, while visiting affective scenes and sites related to the mining of Greenland’s minerals. Greenland’s current position as a state in formation, while still reconciling with experiences from the past, affects relationship building, the openness to flirtation, and sometimes creates conflicts and hieratical structures between the potential partners to be.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AACA (2017). Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic: Perspectives from the Baffin Bay/Davis Strait Region, Oslo, Norway: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP).Google Scholar
Ackrén, M. (2016). Public consultation processes in Greenland regarding the mining industry. Arctic Review, 7(1), 319. doi: 10.17585/arctic.v7.216.Google Scholar
Act on Greenland Self-Government. (2009). Act No. 473 of 12 June 2009.Google Scholar
Ahmed, S. (2014). The Cultural Politics of Emotion. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Andersen, N. Å. (2008). Partnerships: Machines of Possibility. Bristol, England: Policy Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arrobas, D., Hund, K. L., Mccormick, M. S., Ningthoujam, J., & Drexhage, J. R. (2017). The Growing Role of Minerals and Metals for a Low Carbon Future. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.Google Scholar
Avango, D., Nilsson, A. E., & Roberts, P. (2013). Assessing arctic futures: voices, resources and governance. The Polar Journal, 3(2), 431446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avataq (2013). Opfordring til Naalakkersuisut i Grønland og den danske regering om ikke at ophæve uran-nul-tolerance-politikken i Rigsfællesskabet, Nuuk og København, 26. april 2013. Den flg. opfordring er underskrevet af 48 miljøorganisationer.Google Scholar
Bjørst, L. R. (2016a). Saving or destroying the local community? The Extractive Industries and Society, 3(1), 3440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjørst, L. R. (2016b). Uranium - the road to “economic self-sustainability for Greenland”? Changing uranium-positions in Greenlandic politics. In Fondahl, I. G. & Wilson, G. N. (red.), Northern Sustainabilities: Understanding And Addressing Change In The Circumpolar World (pp. 2534). Springer, Polar Sciences.Google Scholar
Bjørst, L. R. (2017). Arctic resource dilemmas: Tolerance talk and the mining of Greenland’s uranium. In Thomsen, R. C. & Bjørst, L. R. (Eds.), Heritage And Change In The Arctic: Resources For The Present, And The Future (Chapter 7, pp. 159175). Aalborg, Denmark: Aalborg Universitetsforlag.Google Scholar
Cameron, E. (2015). Far off Metal River: Inuit Lands, Settler Stories, and the Making of the Contemporary Arctic. Vancouver, Canada: UBC Press.Google Scholar
Cameron, E., & Levitan, T. (2014). Impact and benefit agreements and the neoliberalization of resource governance and indigenous-state relations in northern Canada. Studies in Political Economy, 93(1), 2552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooren, F. (2001). Translation and articulation in the organization of coalitions: The Great Whale River case. Communication Theory, 11(2), 178200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleming, P. (2015). The art of flirtation: Simmel’s coquetry without end. Flirtations: Rhetoric and Aesthetics This Side of Seduction (Chapter 1, pp. 1930). https://www.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.5422/fordham/9780823264896.001.0001/upso-9780823264896-chapter-003Google Scholar
Gad, U. P. (2012). Concepts of dialogue as counterterrorism: Narrating the self-reform of the Muslim Other. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 5(2), 159178. doi: 10.1080/17539153.2012.677250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gad, U. P. (2017). What kind of nation state will Greenland be? Securitization theory as a strategy for analyzing identity politics. Politik, 20(3), 104120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gad, U. P., Jakobsen, U., & Strandsbjerg, J. (2017). Politics of sustainability in the Arctic: A research agenda. In Fondahl, G. & Wilson, G. N. (Eds.), Northern Sustainabilities: Understanding And Addressing Change In The Circumpolar World (pp. 1323). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Government of Greenland (2014). Vores råstoffer skal skabe velstand [Our raw materials have to create prosperity]. Government of Greenland, Departementet for Erhverv, Arbejdsmarked og Handel. Available from: http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Publications/Raastof/DK/Olie%20og%20Mineralstrategi%20DA.pdf (accessed 6 June 2014).Google Scholar
Grønlands Selvstyre (2012) Inatsisartutlov nr. 25 af 18. December 2012 om bygge- og anlægsarbejder ved storskalaprojekter. Nuuk, Greenland.Google Scholar
Hansen, A.M., Vanclay, F., Croal, P., & Skjervedal, A. S. H. (2016) Managing the social impacts of the rapidly expanding extractive industries. The Extractive Industries and Society, 3(1), 2533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman-Schwartz, D., Nagel, B. N., & Stone, L. S. (2015). Almost nothing; almost everything’: An introduction to the discourse of flirtation. Flirtations: Rhetoric and Aesthetics This Side of Seduction, 110.Google Scholar
Hutchison, E., & Bleiker, R. (2014). Theorizing emotions in world politics. International Theory, 6(3), 491514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jørgensen, A. M. (2017). Moving archives: Agency, emotions and visual memories of industrialization in Greenland (Doctoral dissertation, Københavns Universitet, Det Humanistiske Fakultet).Google Scholar
Kadenic, M. D. (2015). Socioeconomic value creation and the role of local participation in large-scale mining projects in the Arctic. The Extractive Industries and Society, 2(3), 562571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keeling, A., & Sandlos, J. (2015). Mining and Communities in Northern Canada: History, Politics, and Memory (Vol. 3). Calgary, Canada: University of Calgary Press.Google Scholar
Kirsch, S. (2014). Mining Capitalism: The Relationship Between Corporations and their Critics. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knudsen, H., & Nielsen, H. (2016). Uranbjerget: Om forsøgene på at finde og udnytte Grønlands uran fra 1944 til i dag. Copenhagen, Denmark: Vandkunsten.Google Scholar
Kristensen, N. T. (2016): Business Opportunities In Greenland. Project Overview 2016/2017 (p. 53). Copenhagen, Denmark: Arctic Cluster of Raw Materials.Google Scholar
Kröger, M. (2019). The global land rush and the Arctic. In Finger, M. & Heininen, L. (Eds.), The Global Arctic Handbook (pp. 2743). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lynge, F. (2002). Den vanskelige tango/Tango nalunartoq. En indvendig rundtur i Riget/Naalagaaffiup iluanut pulattarneq. Nuuk, Greenland: Atuagkat.Google Scholar
Marcus, G. E. (1995). Ethnography in/of the world system: The emergence of multi-sited ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24(1), 95117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGwin, K. (2015). Once more, with realism. Nuuk: Minerals not economic silver bullet. Arcticjournal. gl, 9 January 2015; online: http://arcticjournal.com/oil-minerals/1245/nuuk-minerals-not-economic-silver-bullet (accessed 26 October 2015).Google Scholar
Moffat, K., & Zhang, A. (2014). The paths to social licence to operate: An integrative model explaining community acceptance of mining. Resources Policy, 39, 6170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naalakkersuisut (2009). Greenland Parliament Act Of 7 December 2009 On Mineral Resources And Mineral Resource Activities. The Mineral Resources Act; Online: https://www.govmin.gl/en/actsregulations-and-guidelines/the-mineral-resources-act (accessed 10 September 2018).Google Scholar
Naalakkersuisut (2014). Greenland’s Oil And Mineral Strategy 2014–2018. Nuuk, Greenland: The Government of Greenland; online: https://www.govmin.gl/en/acymailing/view/1-mailinglist/76-oil-and-mineral-strategy (accessed 11 September 2018).Google Scholar
Nuttall, M. (2015). Subsurface politics: Greenlandic discourses on extractive industries. In Jensen, L. C. & Hønneland, G. (Eds.), Handbook Of The Politics Of The Arctic (pp. 105127). Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nuttall, M. (2017). Climate, Society and Subsurface Politics in Greenland: Under the Great Ice. New York, NY: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Økonomisk Råds Rapport (2018). Nunatta Aningaasaqarnera/Grønlands økonomi. Nuuk, Greenland: Økonomisk Råd; online: https://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Finans/DK/Oekonomisk%20raad/2018%20-%20%C3%B8konomisk%20r%C3%A5ds%20rapport%20dk.pdfGoogle Scholar
PDAC (2016). Convention Program. International Convention, Trade Show & Investers Exchange.Google Scholar
Ren, C., Gad, U. P., & Bjørst, L. R. (2019): Branding on the Nordic margins: Who gets to brand Greenland? In Gyimóthy, S., Cassinger, C., & Lucarelli, A. (Eds.), Nordic Place Branding: Similarities, Differences, And Opportunities (Vol 15, pp. 160174). Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ren, C. B., Bjørst, L. R., & Dredge, D. (2016). Composing Greenlandic tourism futures: An integrated political ecology and actor-network theory approach. In Mostafanezhad, M., Norum, R., Shelton, E. J. & Thompson-Carr, A. (Eds.), Political Ecology Of Tourism: Community, Power And The Environment (pp. 284301). Abingdon, England: Routledge.Google Scholar
Rosing, M. (Ed.) (2014). To the benefit of Greenland. Nuuk, Greenland: Ilisimatusarfik.Google Scholar
Sahlins, M. (1972). Stone age economics. Chicago, IL: Aldine.Google Scholar
Scherrebeck, E. E. (2014). Hun maler på uranvrede, Information, 16 August 2014; online: https://www.information.dk/kultur/2014/08/maler-paa-uranvrede (accessed 13 February 2017).Google Scholar
Schriver, P. (2017). Greenland mining. Getting the deal through; online: https://gettingthedealthrough.com/area/22/jurisdiction/120/mining-greenland (accessed 14 February 2018).Google Scholar
Schulz-Forberg, H. (2013a). The spatial and temporal layers of global history: A reflection on global conceptual history through expanding Reinhart Koselleck’s “Zeitschichten” into global spaces. Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung, 4058.Google Scholar
Schulz-Forberg, H. (2013b). Introduction: Time and again towards the future: Claims on time as a new approach for global history. In Schulz-Forberg, H. (Ed.), Zero Hours: Conceptual Insecurities And New Beginnings In The Interwar Period. Brussels, Belgium: P.I.E.-Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Sejersen, F. (2015). Rethinking Greenland and the Arctic in the era of Climate Change: New Northern Horizons. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sejersen, F. (2019). Brokers of hope: Extractive industries and the dynamics of future-making in post-colonial Greenland. Polar Record, 111.Google Scholar
Tester, F. J., & Blangy, S. (2013). Introduction: Industrial developement and mining impacts. Etudes inuit. Inuit studies, 37(2), 11.Google Scholar
Thisted, K. (2018). “A place in the sun”: Historical perspectives on the debate on development and modernity in Greenland. In Hansson, H. & Ryall, A. (Eds.), Arctic Modernities: The Environmental, The Exotic And The Everyday (pp. 312344). Newcastle upon Tyne, England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.Google Scholar
Thisted, K. (2019). Emotions, finances and independence. Uranium as a “happy object” in the Greenlandic debate on secession from Denmark. Polar Record.Google Scholar
Tiainen, H. (2016). Contemplating governance for social sustainability in mining in Greenland. Resources Policy, 49, 282289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veltmeyer, H., & Petras, J. (2014). The New Extractivism: A Post-neoliberal Development Model or Imperialism of the Twenty-First Century? London, England: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Vestergaard, C. (2015). Greenland, Denmark and the pathway to uranium supplier status. The Extractive Industries and Society, 2(1), 153161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wetherell, M. (2012). Affect And Emotion: A New Social Science Understanding. London, England: Sage Publications.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, E., & Stammler, F. (2016). Beyond extractivism and alternative cosmologies: Arctic communities and extractive industries in uncertain times. The Extractive Industries and Society, 3(1), 18; online: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214790X15300101 (accessed 17/02/2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar