Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-9pm4c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T11:38:13.471Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Taking Jane's Cue: Phyllyp Sparowe as a Primer for Women Readers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

Susan Schibanoff*
Affiliation:
University of New Hampshire, Durham

Abstract

Skelton's poem begins with a radical view of reading in which the text “cues” readers to create (rewrite) texts in their own images, as does the work's fictional reader, Jane. Although Jane's rewritten text appears to be uniquely hers, the second section of Phyllyp Sparowe deconstructs it to show how it was predetermined or “cued” by her past reading. The third section of the poem disempowers Jane further, deconstructing her physical person and reconstructing her as a text that Skelton the poet “scripts.” Although Jane soon escapes his control, he once again deconstructs her autonomy and power. This time Skelton points to another form of both licensing and limiting the reader, the interpretive community of male readers that enables Jane to challenge Skelton and simultaneously determines and shapes her criticism. Ultimately, Phyllyp Sparowe requires us to examine the nature of reading and the ways in which interpretive communities function.

Type
Research Article
Information
PMLA , Volume 101 , Issue 5 , October 1986 , pp. 832 - 847
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Baker, Donald C.The Parliament of Fowls.” Companion to Chaucer Studies. Ed. Rowland, Beryl. Rev. ed. New York: Oxford, 1979. 428–45.Google Scholar
Berdan, John M. Early Tudor Poetry, 1485–1547. New York: Macmillan, 1931.Google Scholar
Boyd, Beverly. Chaucer and the Liturgy. Philadelphia: Dorrance, 1967.Google Scholar
Brook, G. L., ed. The Harley Lyrics: The Middle English Lyrics of Ms. Harley 2253. 3rd ed. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1964.Google Scholar
Brown, Carleton, ed. Religious Lyrics of the XVth Century. Oxford: Clarendon, 1939.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brownlow, F. W.The Boke of Phyllyp Sparowe and the Liturgy.” English Literary Renaissance 9 (1979): 520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brumble, H. David, iii. “John Donne's ‘The Flea’: Some Implications of the Encyclopedic and Poetic Flea Traditions.” Critical Quarterly 15 (1973): 147–54.Google Scholar
Carpenter, Nan Cooke. John Skelton. Twayne's English Authors Series 61. New York: Twayne, 1967.Google Scholar
Chambers, E. K., ed. The Oxford Book of Sixteenth Century Verse. 1932. Oxford: Clarendon, 1955.Google Scholar
Culler, Jonathan. On Deconstruction. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1982.Google Scholar
Diamond, Arlyn. “Chaucer's Women and Women's Chaucer.” The Authority of Experience: Essays in Feminist Criticism. Ed. Diamond, Arlyn and Edwards, Lee R. Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1977. 6083.Google Scholar
Dyce, Alexander, ed. The Poetical Works of John Skelton. 2 vols. 1843. New York: AMS, 1965.Google Scholar
Edwards, Anthony S. G., ed. Skelton: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge, 1981.Google Scholar
Edwards, H. L. R. Skelton: The Life and Times of an Early Tudor Poet. London: Cape, 1949.Google Scholar
Fetterley, Judith. The Resisting Reader: A Feminist Approach to American Fiction. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1977.Google Scholar
Fish, Stanley E.Aspects of Rhetorical Analysis: Skelton's Philip Sparrow.” Studia Neophilologica 34 (1962): 216–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fish, Stanley E.Interpreting the Variorum.” Critical Inquiry 2 (1976): 465–85. Rpt. in Is There a Text in This Class? The Authority of Interpretive Communities. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1980. 147–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fish, Stanley Eugene. John Skelton's Poetry. Yale Studies in English 157. New Haven: Yale UP, 1965.Google Scholar
Fishman, Burton. “Recent Studies in Skelton.” English Literary Renaissance 1 (1971): 8996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, Helen, ed. John Donne: “The Elegies” and “The Songs and Sonnets.”Oxford: Clarendon, 1965.Google Scholar
Gardner, Helen, ed. New Oxford Book of English Verse. Oxford: Clarendon, 1972.Google Scholar
Gilbert, Sandra, and Gubar, Susan. The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. New Haven: Yale UP, 1980.Google Scholar
Godolphin, Francis R. B., ed. The Latin Poets. New York: Modern Library, 1949.Google Scholar
Gordon, Ian A. John Skelton, Poet Laureate. 1943. New York: Octagon, 1970.Google Scholar
Green, Peter. John Skelton. Writers and Their Work 128. London: Longmans, 1960.Google Scholar
Harrison, Thomas P. They Tell of Birds: Chaucer, Spenser, Milton, Drayton. 1956. Westport: Greenwood, 1969.Google Scholar
Harting, James Edward. The Birds of Shakespeare: Or, The Ornithology of Shakespeare Critically Examined, Explained, and Illustrated. Introd. Grundy Steiner. 1871. Chicago: Argonaut, 1965.Google Scholar
Henderson, Philip, ed. The Complete Poems of John Skelton, Laureate. 2nd rev. ed. London: Dent, 1948.Google Scholar
Holland, Norman. “Unity Identity Text Self.” PMLA 90 (1975): 813–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iser, Wolfgang. The Act of Reading: A Theory of Aesthetic Response. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1978.Google Scholar
Jamieson, T. H., ed. The Ship of Fools. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Paterson, 1874.Google Scholar
Kennard, Jean E.Convention Coverage: Or, How to Read Your Own Life.” New Literary History 13 (1981): 6988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennard, Jean E.Personally Speaking: Feminist Critics and the Community of Readers.” College English 43 (1981): 140–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinsman, Robert S. John Skelton, Early Tudor Laureate: An Annotated Bibliography, c. 1488–1977. Boston: Hall, 1979.Google Scholar
Kennard, Jean E., ed. John Skelton: Poems. Oxford: Clarendon, 1969.Google Scholar
Kennard, Jean E.Phyllyp Sparowe: Titulus.” Studies in Philology 47 (1950): 473–84.Google Scholar
Kolodny, Annette. “A Map for Rereading: Or, Gender and the Interpretation of Literary Texts.” New Literary History 11 (1980): 451–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehane, Brendan. The Compleat Flea. New York: Viking, 1969.Google Scholar
Lewis, C. S. English Literature in the Sixteenth Century excluding Drama. Oxford: Clarendon, 1954.Google Scholar
Lloyd, L. J. John Skelton: A Sketch of His Life and Writings. Oxford: Blackwell, 1938.Google Scholar
McConchie, R. W.Philip Sparrow.” Parergon 24 (1979): 3135.Google Scholar
McPeek, James A. S. Catullus in Strange and Distant Britain. Harvard Studies in Comparative Literature 15. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1939.Google Scholar
Pollet, Maurice. John Skelton, Poet of Tudor England. Trans. Warrington, John. Lewisburg: Bucknell UP, 1971.Google Scholar
Proppé, Katherine Miller. “Reason, Sensuality and John Skelton: Patristic Psychology and Literary Attitudes in the Late Medieval Period.” Diss. UCLA, 1974.Google Scholar
Ridley, Florence H.Questions without Answers—Yet or Ever? New Critical Modes and Chaucer.” Chaucer Review 16 (1981): 101–06.Google Scholar
Rowland, Beryl. Birds with Human Souls: A Guide to Bird Symbolism. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 1978.Google Scholar
Rowland, Beryl. Blind Beasts: Chaucer's Animal World. Kent: Kent State UP, 1971.Google Scholar
Scattergood, John, ed. John Skelton: The Complete English Poems. New Haven: Yale UP, 1983.Google Scholar
Schibanoff, Susan. “Early Women Writers: In-scribing, Or, Reading the Fine Print.” Women's Studies International Forum 6 (1983): 475–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schibanoff, Susan. “Taking the Gold Out of Egypt: The Art of Reading as a Woman.” Gender and Reading: Essays on Readers, Texts, and Contexts. Ed. Flynn, Elizabeth A. and Schweickart, Patrocinio P. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1986. 83106.Google Scholar
Schweickart, Patrocinio. “Reading Ourselves: Toward a Feminist Theory of Reading.” Gender and Reading: Essays on Readers, Texts, and Contexts. Ed. Flynn, Elizabeth A. and Schweickart, Patrocinio P. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1986. 3162.Google Scholar
Skelton, John. Pithy, Pleasant and Profitable Works of Master Skelton. 1568. Menston: Scolar, 1970.Google Scholar
Swart, J. “John Skelton's Philip Sparrow.” English Studies Presented to R. W. Zandvoort. Supp. to English Studies 45 (1964): 161–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Targan, Barry. “Irony in John Skelton's Philip Sparrow.” University Review (Kansas City) 32 (1965): 7480.Google Scholar
Tompkins, Jane P.The Reader in History: The Changing Shape of Literary Response.” Reader-Response Criticism from Formalism to Post-Structuralism. Ed. Jane, P. Tompkins. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1980. 201–32.Google Scholar
White, B., ed. Alexander Barclay: The Eclogues. Early English Text Society os 175. 1928. London: Oxford UP, 1961.Google Scholar
White, Helen C. The Tudor Books of Private Devotion. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1951.Google Scholar