Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-sv6ng Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-08T05:26:48.584Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Learning Turkish

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

Extract

Emigration is translation. Written by Leo Spitzer in 1934, “Learning Turkish” offers a glimpse into the historical circumstances of his and other German academics' exile in Istanbul—an exile that plays a foundational role in comparative literature, as Erich Auerbach, Edward Said, Aamir Mufti, and Emily Apter have argued. Spitzer's attempt to analyze the characteristics of the Turkish language while that language was transforming amplifies recent critical attempts to understand “modern Turkey's nation-based and state-directed poiesis” (Yaeger 11). Bridging the gap between exile in Istanbul and the modern Turkish language, “Learning Turkish” introduces complexity to contemporary paradigms of global comparatism and identifies symptoms of literary studies' relocation to the context of a new nation-state; the article exemplifies the complicity between local nationalisms and cultural imperialisms and illuminates, on a personal level, how linguistic estrangement becomes a way of negotiating the experience of deportation, of emigration, and of the foreignness of adoptive cultures for Spitzer.

Type
Little-Known Documents
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Apter, Emily. “Comparative Exile: Competing Margins in the History of Comparative Literature.” Comparative Literature in the Age of Multiculturalism. Ed. Benheimer, Charles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1995. 86–95. Print.Google Scholar
Apter, Emily. “Global Translatio: Inventing Comparative Literature in Istanbul”. Critical Inquiry 29.2 (2003): 253–81. Print.Google Scholar
Apter, Emily. The Translation Zone: A New Comparative Literature. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2006. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auerbach, Erich. Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1953. Print.Google Scholar
Auerbach, Erich. “Scholarship in Times of Extremes: Letters of Erich Auerbach (1933–46), on the Fiftieth Anniversary of His Death.” Introd. and trans. Martin Elsky, Martin Vialon, and Robert Stein. PMLA 122.1 (2007): 742–62. Print.Google Scholar
Ayni, Ali. Darülfünun Tarihi [History of Darülfünun]. 1927. Ed. Kazancigil, Aykut. Istanbul: Kitabevi, 2007. Print.Google Scholar
Barck, Karlheinz. “Walter Benjamin and Erich Auerbach: Fragments of a Correspondence.” Trans. Anthony Reynolds. Diacritics 22.3–4 (1992): 8183. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bayrav, Süheyla. Personal interview. 1 Nov. 2001.Google Scholar
Benjamin, Walter. “The Task of the Translator.” Illuminations. Trans. Harry Zohn. Ed. Arendt, Hannah. New York: Schoken, 1968. 70–82. Print.Google Scholar
Çetik, Mete. Introduction. Üniverstede Cadi Kazanι: 1948 DTCF Tasfiyesi ve Pertev Naili Boratav'in Müdafaasi [The Crucible in the University: 1948 Discharges in the School of Language, History, and Geography and Pertev Naili Boratav's Defense]. Ed. Çetik, . Istanbul: Tarih Vakfi Yurt, 1998. 143 Print.Google Scholar
Alighieri, Dante. The Divine Comedy. Trans. Henry F. Cary. New York: Collier, 1909–14. Vol. 20 of The Harvard Classics. Bartleby.com: Great Books Online. Web. 2 June 2011.Google Scholar
Erhat, Azra. Sevgi Yönetimi [Governing Love]. Istanbul: Çağdaş, 1978. Print.Google Scholar
Ertürk, Nergis. “Modernity and Its Fallen Languages: Tanpinar's Hasret, Benjamin's Melancholy”. PMLA 123.1 (2008): 4156. Print.Google Scholar
Eyüboğlu, Sabahattin. “Kelimelerin Hayatι” [The Life of Words]. 1935. Mavi [Blue]. Vol. 1. Istanbul: İş Bankasi Kultur, 2000. 350–53. Print.Google Scholar
Holquist, Michael. “Presidential Address 2007: The Scandal of Literacy”. PMLA 123.3 (2008): 568–79. Print.Google Scholar
“Kaçgöç”. Redhouse Turkish-English Dictionary. Istanbul: Redhouse, 1968. Print.Google Scholar
Kazamias, Andreas. Education and the Quest for Modernity in Turkey. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1966. Print.Google Scholar
Konuk, Kader. “Erich Auerbach and the Humanist Reform to the Turkish Education System”. Comparative Literature Studies 45.1 (2008): 7489. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malche, Albert. İstanbul Üniversitesi Hakkinda Rapor. Istanbul: Devlet Basimevi, 1939. Print.Google Scholar
Mufti, Aamir. “Auerbach in Istanbul: Edward Said, Secular Criticism, and the Question of Minority Culture”. Critical Inquiry 25.1 (1998): 95125. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parla, Jale. “The Wounded Tongue: Turkey's Language Reform and the Canonicity of the Novel”. PMLA 123.1 (2008): 2740. Print.Google Scholar
Said, Edward. “Connecting Empire to Secular Interpretation”. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Knopf, 1993. 43–61. Print.Google Scholar
Said, Edward. “The Return to Philology”. Humanism and Democratic Criticism. New York: Columbia UP, 2003. 57–84. Print.Google Scholar
Seyhan, Azade. “German Academic Exiles in Istanbul: Translation as the Bildung of the Other.” Nation, Language, and the Ethics of Translation. Ed. Bermann, Sandra and Wood, Michael. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2005. 274–88. Print.Google Scholar
Seyhan, Azade. Tales of Crossed Destinies: The Modern Turkish Novel in a Comparative Context. New York: MLA, 2008. Print.Google Scholar
Spitzer, Leo. “En apprenant le turc: Considérations psychologiques sur cette langue”. Bulletin de la Société Linguistique de Paris 35.1 (1934): 82101. Print.Google Scholar
Spitzer, Leo. Foreword. Linguistics and Literary History: Essays in Stylistics. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1948. v–vi. Print.Google Scholar
Spitzer, Leo. “Linguistics and Literary History”. Linguistics and Literary History: Essays in Stylistics. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1948. 1–39. Print.Google Scholar
Spitzer, Leo. “Ratio > Race”. Essays in Historical Semantics. New York: Vanni, 1947. 147–69. Print.Google Scholar
Spitzer, Leo. “Roman Filolojisi Kurlarina Medhal” [Introduction to Romance Philology Courses]. Istanbul Üniversitesi Açιliş Dersleri 1933–1934 ve 1934–1935 [Istanbul University Convocation Lectures 1933–34 and 1934–35]. Istanbul: Istanbul Üniversitesi, 1935. 279–84. Print.Google Scholar
Spitzer, Leo. “Türkçeyi Öğrenirken” [Learning Turkish]. Varlιk 19 (1934): 296–97.; 35 (1934): 194-96.; 37 (1935) 163–64. Print.Google Scholar
Szylowicz, Joseph. Education and the Modernization of the Middle East. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1973. Print.Google Scholar
Tunçay, Mete, and Özer, Haldun. “Bir Tek Parti Politikacisinin Önlenemez Yükselişi ve Düşüşü” [The Unavoidable Rise and Fall of a Single-Party Politician]. Tarih ve Toplum (1984): 6–20. Print.Google Scholar
Widmann, Horst. Atatürk ve Üniversite Reformu [Atatürk and University Reform]. Trans. Aykut Kazancigil and Serpil Bozkurt. Istanbul: Kabalci, 2000. Print. Trans. of. Exil und Bildungshilfe [Exile and Educational Assistance]. Bern: Lang, 1973.Google Scholar
Yaeger, Patricia. “Editor's Column: My Name Is Blue—a Map of Ottoman Baghdad”. PMLA 123.1 (2008): 919. Print.Google Scholar
Ziolkowski, Theodore. German Romanticism and Its Institutions. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1990. Print.Google Scholar