Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vsgnj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T14:03:14.187Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Framing the Alices

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

William A. Madden
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The frames that Lewis Carroll provided for the two Alice books have largely been ignored, when not simply dismissed, in recent Carroll criticism. Their conventional form and diction may account for this negative response, but examination of their provenance, their function within the structure of the two books, and the artistry evident in the individual frame components indicate how and why the frames are important to our understanding of Carroll's vision and purpose. The frame poems are designed to lead the reader into and away from the central dream tales through a process of lyric transformation and estrangement.

Type
Research Article
Information
PMLA , Volume 101 , Issue 3 , May 1986 , pp. 362 - 373
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Auden, W. H., ed. and introd. Nineteenth-Century British Minor Poets. New York: Dell, 1966.Google Scholar
Auerbach, Nina. “Alice and Wonderland: A Curious Child.” Victorian Studies 27 (1973): 31–47.Google Scholar
Bettelheim, Bruno. The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales. New York: Vintage, 1977.Google Scholar
Bowen, Elizabeth. “The Cult of Nostalgia.” Listener 9 Aug. 1951: 225.Google Scholar
Bush, Douglas. English Poetry: The Main Currents from Chaucer to the Present. New York: Oxford UP, 1963.Google Scholar
Carr, Arthur J., ed. and introd. Victorian Poetry: Clough to Kipling. New York: Rinehart, 1959.Google Scholar
Carroll, Lewis. Alice in Wonderland: Authoritative Texts of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Through the Looking-Glass, The Hunting of the Snark. Ed. and introd. Donald J. Gray. New York: Norton, 1971.Google Scholar
Carroll, Lewis. The Diaries of Lewis Carroll. Ed. Green, Roger Lancelyn. 2 vols. London: Cassell, 1953.Google Scholar
Carroll, Lewis. The Letters of Lewis Carroll. Ed. Cohen, Morton N., assisted by Roger Lancelyn Green. 2 vols. New York: Oxford UP, 1979.Google Scholar
Chesterton, G. K. A Handful of Authors. Ed. Collins, D. New York: Sheed, 1953.Google Scholar
Cixous, Hélène. “Introduction to Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass and The Hunting of the Snark.” New Literary History 13 (1982): 231–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coveney, Peter. The Image of Childhood. The Individual and Society: A Study of the Theme in English Literature. Rev. ed. Introd. Leavis, F. R. Baltimore: Penguin, 1967.Google Scholar
De la Mare, Walter. Lewis Carroll. London: Faber, 1932.Google Scholar
Empson, William. Some Versions of Pastoral. New York: New Directions, 1974.Google Scholar
Fussell, Paul. Poetic Meter and Poetic Form. Rev. ed. New York: Random, 1979.Google Scholar
Gardner, Martin. The Annotated Alice. Cleveland: World, 1963.Google Scholar
Gardner, Martin. Introduction. Alice's Adventures under Ground. By Lewis Carroll. New York: Dover, 1965.Google Scholar
Guiliano, Edward. “Lewis Carroll: A Sesquicentennial Guide to Research.” Dickens Studies Annual 10 (1982): 262–310.Google Scholar
Guiliano, Edward. Lewis Carroll Observed: A Collection of Unpublished Photographs, Drawings, Poetry, and New Essays. New York: Potter, 1976.Google Scholar
Hancher, Michael. “Humpty-Dumpty and Verbal Meaning.” Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 40.1 (1981): 49–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harper, George McLean. “Coleridge's Conversation Poems.” Spirit of Delight. New York: Holt, 1928. 3–27. Rpt. in English Romantic Poets. Ed. Abrams, M. H. New York: Oxford UP, 1960. 144-57.Google Scholar
Henkle, Roger B. Comedy and Culture: England 1820-1900. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1980.Google Scholar
Hudson, Derek. Lewis Carroll. London: Constable, 1954.Google Scholar
Joyce, James. Finnegans Wake. New York: Viking, 1958.Google Scholar
Kibel, Alvin C. “Logic and Satire in Alice in Wonderland.” American Scholar 43 (1974): 605–29.Google Scholar
Levin, Harry. “Wonderland Revisited.” Kenyon Review 27 (1965): 591–616.Google Scholar
Mellor, Anne K. English Romantic Irony. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merton, Lionel. “Memory in the Alice Books.” Nineteenth-Century Fiction 33 (1978): 285–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Flaherty, Wendy Doniger. “Inside and Outside the Mouth of God: The Boundary between Myth and Reality.” Daedalus 109.3 (1980): 93–125.Google Scholar
Rackin, Donald. “Corrective Laughter: Carroll's Alice and Popular Children's Literature in the Nineteenth Century.” Journal of Popular Culture 1 (1967): 243–55.Google Scholar
Rackin, Donald. “Laughing and Grief: What's So Funny about Alice in Wonderland?” Guiliano, Lewis Carroll 1–18.Google Scholar
Ricoeur, Paul. “Narrative Time.” On Narrative. Ed. Mitchell, W. J. T. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1981. 165–86.Google Scholar
Schachtel, Ernest G. Metamorphoses: On the Development of Affect, Perception, Attention, and Memory. New York: Basic, 1959.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shavit, Zohar. “The Ambivalent Status of Texts.” Poetics Today 1.3 (1980): 75–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sperry, Stuart M. Keats the Poet. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1973.Google Scholar
Stern, Jeffrey. “Lewis Carroll the Pre-Raphaelite ‘Fainting in Coils.‘” Guiliano, Lewis Carroll 161–80.Google Scholar
Stewart, Susan. Nonsense: Aspects of Intertextuality in Folklore and Literature. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1979.Google Scholar
Turner, Paul. Tennyson. London: Routledge, 1976.Google Scholar
Wilson, Edmund. The Shores of Light. New York: Farrar, 1952.Google Scholar
Woolf, Virginia. The Moment and Other Essays. New York: Harcourt, 1948.Google Scholar
Wright, George T. “The Lyric Present: Simple Present Verbs in English Poems.” PMLA 89 (1974): 563–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar