No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb.) cultivated in Trentino-Alto Adige (northern Italy) characterized by biometric traits and glucosinolate content
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 May 2023
Abstract
Horseradish is a crop grown for its edible underground parts. The development of new cultivars is hindered by the species' predominant vegetative reproduction, making it essential to evaluate locally cultivated accessions to identify new types suitable for cultivation. To this end, 11 horseradish accessions from family vegetable gardens in Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy were examined using 26 qualitative and six quantitative morphological descriptors and characterized by the five major glucosinolates (GSLs) present in the rhizome compared to a reference cultivar. A wide range of variability was observed for the considered qualitative morphological traits. The rhizome's top and basal diameters were 9.9 and 6.2 cm, respectively, with an average fresh weight of 521 g. Total GSL content ranged between 79.5 and 133.5 μmol/g dry weight (DW), with sinigrin (SIN) being the primary component at an average content of 110.0 μmol/g DW. Differences among the investigated accessions were noted for quantitative traits describing their productive features and for GSL content. A positive correlation was discovered between the biometric traits of the plant's underground parts and the SIN and total GSL content, suggesting a link between the quality and yield of the edible product. According to the multivariate analysis, accessions were grouped into three main clusters: the largest of the reference cultivar and the majority of accessions with similar productive and qualitative traits; another featuring two with good qualitative and productive characteristics. The investigated accessions proved to be a valuable germplasm source for cultivating the species.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of NIAB
Footnotes
*
Current address: International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.
References
Achleitner, A and Kaufmann, F (2013) Band 5 Arznei und gewurzpflanzen L-Z. In Gartenbau, FH and Hoppe, B (Eds), Handbuch des Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzenbaus. Bernburg, Germany: Saluplanta V, p. 148. ISBN: ISBN-13: 978-3935971348.Google Scholar
Aeschimann, D, Lauber, K, Moser, DM and Theurillat, JP (2004) Flora Alpina. Bologna, Italy: Zanichelli.Google Scholar
Agerbirk, N and Olsen, CE (2012) Glucosinolate structures in evolution. Phytochemistry 77, 16–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Agneta, R, Rivelli, A, Ventrella, E, Lelario, F, Sarli, G and Bufo, SA (2012) Investigation of glucosinolate profile and qualitative aspects in sprouts and roots of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) using LC-ESI − hybrid linear ion trap with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and infrared multiphoton dissociation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60, 7474–7482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Agneta, R, Möllers, C and Rivelli, AR (2013) Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), a neglected medical and condiment species with a relevant glucosinolate profile: a review. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 60, 1923–1943.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agneta, R, Möller, C, De Maria, S and Rivelli, AR (2014a) Evaluation of root yield traits and glucosinolate concentration of different Armoracia rusticana accessions in Basilicata region (southern Italy). Scientia Horticulturae 170, 249–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agneta, R, Lelario, F, De Maria, S, Möllers, C, Sabino Aurelio Bufo, SA and Rivelli, AR (2014b) Glucosinolate profile and distribution among plant tissues and phenological stages of field-grown horseradish. Phytochemistry 106, 178–187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ball, PW (1964) Armoracia gilib. In Tutin, TG, Heywood, VH, Burges, NA, Moore, DM, Valentine, DH, Walters, SM and Webb, DA (Eds), Flora Europaea, 1st Edn., vol. I. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, p. 284.Google Scholar
Bell, L, Kitsopanou, E, Oloyede, OO and Lignou, S (2021) Important odorants of four Brassicaceae species, and discrepancies between glucosinolate profiles and observed hydrolysis products. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 10, 1055.Google ScholarPubMed
Björkman, M, Klingen, I, Birch, A, Bones, AM, Bruce, TJA, Johansen, TJ, Meadow, R, Mølmann, J, Seljåsen, R, Smart, LE and Stewart, D (2011) Phytochemicals of Brassicaceae in plant protection and human health – influences of climate, environment and agronomic practice. Phytochemistry 72, 538–556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blažević, I, Montaut, S, Burčul, F, Olsen, CE, Burow, M, Rollin, P and Agerbirk, N (2020) Glucosinolate structural diversity, identification, chemical synthesis and metabolism in plants. Phytochemistry 169, 112100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burow, M (2016) Chapter 2 – Complex environments interact with plant development to shape glucosinolate profiles. In Kopriva, S (ed.), Advances in Botanical Research, vol. 80. University of Cologne, Germany: Academic Press, pp. 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.abr.2016.06.001.Google Scholar
Ciska, E, Horbowicz, M, Rogowska, M, Kosson, R, Drabińska, N and Honke, J (2017) Evaluation of seasonal variations in the glucosinolate content in leaves and roots of our European horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) landraces. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences 67, 301–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Courter, JW and Rhodes, AM (1969) Historical notes on horseradish. Economic Botany 23, 156–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalla Torre, KW and Sarnthein, LG (1909) Flora der Gefürsteten Grafschaft Tyrol. Innsbruck, Austria: Wagnerschen Universitat.Google Scholar
Daubos, P, Grumel, V, Iori, R, Leoni, O, Palmieri, S and Rollin, P (1998) Crambe abyssinica meal as starting material for the production of enantiomerically pure fine chemicals. Industrial Crops and Products 7, 87–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dekić, MS, Radulović, NS, Stojanović, NM, Randjelović, PJ, Stojanović-Radić, ZZ, Najman, S and Stojanović, S (2017) Spasmolytic, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of 5-phenylpentyl isothiocyanate, a new glucosinolate autolysis product from horseradish (Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb., Brassicaceae). Food Chemistry 232, 329–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Engelen-Eigles, G, Holden, G, Cohen, JD and Gardner, G (2006) The effect of temperature, photoperiod, and light quality on gluconasturtiin concentration in watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54, 328–334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fahey, JW, Zalcmann, AT and Talalay, P (2001) The chemical diversity and distribution of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates among plants. Phytochemistry 56, 5–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falk, KL, Tokuhisa, JG and Gershenzon, J (2007) The effect of sulphur nutrition on plant glucosinolate content: physiology and molecular mechanisms. Plant Biology 9, 573–581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farnham, MW, Wilson, PE, Stephenson, KK and Fahey, JW (2004) Genetic and environmental effects on glucosinolate content and chemoprotective potency of broccoli. Plant Breeding 123, 60–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Favela-González, KM, Hernández-Almanza, AY and De la Fuente-Salcido, NM (2020) The value of bioactive compounds of cruciferous vegetables (Brassica) as antimicrobials and antioxidants: a review. Journal of Food Biochemistry 44, e13414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Filipović, V, Popović, V and Aćimović, M (2015) Organic production of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana Gaertn., Mey., Scherb.) in Serbian metropolitan regions. Procedia Economics and Finance 22, 105–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galletti, S, Bagatta, M, Branca, F, Argento, S, De Nicola, GR, Cianchetta, S, Iori, R and Ninfali, P (2015) Isatis canescens is a rich source of glucobrassicin and other health-promoting compounds. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 95, 158–164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heistinger, A and Pistrick, K (2007) ‘Altreier Kaffee’: Lupinus pilosus L. cultivated as coffee substitute in northern Italy (Alto Adige/Südtirol). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 54, 1623–1630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IUSS Working Group WRB (2015) World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, updated 2015. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome, Italy.Google Scholar
Katalin, IO (2012) Különböző tormafajták és vonalak fajtakörönkénti jellemzése (PhD thesis). Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. Available at http://phd.lib.uni-corvinus.hu/632/ (accessed 3 November 2023).Google Scholar
Li, X and Kushad, MM (2004) Correlation of glucosinolate content to myrosinase activity in horseradish (Armoracia rusticana). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52, 6950–6955.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, S, Liu, Y, Yang, X, Tong, C, Edwards, D, Parkin, IAP, Zhao, M, Ma, J, Yu, J, Huang, S, Wang, X, Wang, J, Lu, K, Fang, Z, Bancroft, I, Yang, TJ, Hu, Q, Wang, X, Yue, Z, Li, H, Yang, L, Wu, J, Zhou, Q, Wang, W, King, GJ, Pires, JC, Lu, C, Wu, Z, Sampath, P, Wang, Z, Guo, H, Pan, S, Yang, L, Min, J, Zhang, D, Jin, D, Li, W, Belcram, H, Tu, J, Guan, M, Qi, C, Du, D, Li, J, Jiang, L, Batley, J, Sharpe, AG, Park, BS, Ruperao, P, Cheng, F, Waminal, NE, Huang, Y, Dong, C, Wang, L, Li, J, Hu, Z, Zhuang, M, Huang, Y, Huang, J, Shi, J, Mei, D, Liu, J, Lee, TH, Wang, J, Jin, H, Li, Z, Li, X, Zhang, J, Xiao, L, Zhou, Y, Liu, Z, Liu, X, Qin, R, Tang, X, Liu, W, Wang, Y, Zhang, Y, Lee, J, Kim, HH, Denoeud, F, Xu, X, Liang, X, Hua, W, Wang, X, Wang, J, Chalhoub, B and Paterson, AH (2014) The Brassica oleracea genome reveals the asymmetrical evolution of polyploid genomes. Nature Communications 5, 3930.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lucchin, M, Barcaccia, G and Parrini, P (2003) Characterization of a flint maize (Zea mays L. convar. mays) Italian landrace: I. Morpho-phenological and agronomic traits. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 50, 315–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magrath, R, Herron, C, Giamoustaris, A and Mithen, R (1993) The inheritance of aliphatic glucosinolates in Brassica napus. Plant Breeding 111, 55–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mattioli, PA (1568) I Discorsi nelli sei libri di Pedacio Dioscoride Anazarbeo della materia medicinale, Vol. II. Venezia, Italy: Vincenzo Valgrisi, pp. 406–409.Google Scholar
Mori, E and Hintner, W (2013) Il Maso Chiuso. La sua Storia E la Normativa Vigente. Bolzano, Italy: Fondazione Università Popolare delle Alpi Dolomitiche.Google Scholar
Müller, C, Schulz, M, Pagnotta, E, Ugolini, L, Yang, T, Matthe, A, Lazzeri, L and Agerbirk, N (2018) The role of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system in mediating greater resistance of Barbarea verna than B. vulgaris to Mamestra brassicae Larvae. Journal of Chemical Ecology 44, 1190–1205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, NM, Gonda, S and Vasas, G (2013) A review on the phytochemical composition and potential medicinal uses of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) root. Food Reviews International 29, 261–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pagnotta, E, Agerbirk, N, Olsen, CE, Ugolini, L, Cinti, S and Lazzeri, L (2017) Hydroxyl and methoxyl derivatives of benzylglucosinolate in Lepidium densiflorum with hydrolysis to isothiocyanates and non-isothiocyanate products: substitution governs product type and mass spectral fragmentation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 65, 3167–3178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Papp, N, Gonda, S, Kiss-Szikszai, A, Plaszkó, T, Lőrincz, P and Vasas, G (2018) Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological data of Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertner, B. Meyer et Scherb. in Hungary and Romania: a case study. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 65, 1893–1905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peña, M, Guzmán, A, Martínez, R, Mesas, C, Prados, J, Porres, JM and Melguizo, C (2022) Preventive effects of Brassicaceae family for colon cancer prevention: a focus on in vitro studies. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 151, 113145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pignatti, S (2017) Flora d'Italia, 2nd edn., Vol. 2. Milano, Italy: Edagricole, pp. 923–924.Google Scholar
Popović, M, Maravić, A, Čikeš Čulić, V, Đulović, A, Burčul, F and Blažević, I (2020) Biological effects of glucosinolate degradation products from horseradish: a horse that wins the race. Biomolecules 10, 343.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rao, SQ, Chen, XQ, Wang, KH, Zhu, ZJ, Yang, J and Zhu, B (2021) Effect of short-term high temperature on the accumulation of glucosinolates in Brassica rapa. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 161, 222–233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rivelli, AR, Lelario, F, Agneta, R, Möllers, C and De Maria, S (2016) Variation of glucosinolates concentration and root growth of horseradish as affected by nitrogen and sulphur supply. Plant, Soil and Environment 62, 307–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rivelli, AR, Caruso, MC, De Maria, S and Galgano, F (2017) Vitamin C content in leaves and roots of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana): seasonal variation in fresh tissues and retention as affected by storage conditions. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 29, 799–806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sampliner, D and Miller, A (2009) Ethnobotany of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana, Brassicaceae) and its wild relatives (Armoracia spp.): reproductive biology and local uses in their native ranges. Economic Botany 63, 303–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarli, G, Lisi, A, Agneta, R, Grieco, S, Ierardi, G, Montemurro, F, Negro, D and Montesano, V (2012) Collecting horseradish (Armoracia rusticana, Brassicaceae): local uses and morphological characterization in Basilicata (southern Italy). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 59, 889–899.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schonhof, I, Kläring, HP, Krumbein, A, Clauen, W and Schreiner, M (2007) Effect of temperature increase under low radiation conditions on phytochemicals and ascorbic acid in greenhouse grown broccoli. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 119, 103–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shehata, A, Mulwa, RMS, Babadoost, M, Uchanski, M, Norton, MA, Skirvin, R and Walters, SA (2009) Horseradish: botany, horticulture, breeding. In Janick, J (Ed.), Horticultural Reviews. New York, USA: Wiley, pp. 221–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sønderby, IE, Geu-Flores, F and Halkier, BA (2010) Biosynthesis of glucosinolates-gene discovery and beyond. Trends in Plant Science 15, 283–290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2016) U.S. standards for grades for horseradish roots. Available at https://www.ams.usda.gov/grades-standards/horseradish-root-grades-and-standards (accessed 3 November 2022).Google Scholar
UPOV (2001) International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability. Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana Gaertn., Mey. et Scherb.). TG/191/2. Available at https://www.upov.int/edocs/tgdocs/en/tg191.pdf (accessed 3 November 2022).Google Scholar
Van Dam, NM, Tytga, TOG and Kirkegaard, JA (2009) Root and shoot glucosinolates: a comparison of their diversity, function and interactions in natural and managed ecosystems. Phytochemistry Reviews 8, 171–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velasco, P, Francisco, M and Cartea, ME (2010) Glucosinolates in Brassica and cancer. In Watson, RR and Preedy, VR (Eds), Bioactive Foods and Extracts. Cancer Treatment and Prevention, 1st edn. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, pp. 3–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verkerk, R, Schreiner, M, Krumbein, A, Ciska, E, Holst, B, Rowland, I, De Schrijver, R, Hansen, M, Gerhäuser, C, Mithen, R and Dekker, M (2009) Glucosinolates in Brassica vegetables: the influence of the food supply chain on intake, bioavailability and human health. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research 53, S219–S219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walters, SA (2021) Horseradish: a neglected and underutilized plant species for improving human health. Horticulturae 7, 167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walters, SA and Wahle, EA (2010) Horseradish production in Illinois. HortTechnology 20, 267–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walters, SA, Bernhardt, P, Joseph, M and Miller, AJ (2016) Pollination and sterility in horseradish. Plant Breeding 135, 735–742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wathelet, JP, Iori, R, Leoni, O, Rollin, P, Quinsac, A and Palmieri, S (2004) Guidelines for glucosinolates analysis in green tissues used for biofumigation. Agroindustria 3, 257–266.Google Scholar
Wedelsbäck Bladh, K and Olsson, KM (2011) Introduction and use of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) as food and medicine from antiquity to the present: emphasis on the Nordic countries. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants 17, 197–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wedelsbäck Bladh, K, Olsson, KM and Yndgaard, F (2013) Evaluation of glucosinolates in Nordic horseradish (Armoracia rusticana). Botanica 19, 48–56.Google Scholar
Wedelsbäck Bladh, K, Liljeroth, E, Poulsen, G, Yndgaard, F and Brantestam, AK (2014) Genetic diversity in Nordic horseradish, Armoracia rusticana, as revealed by AFLP markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 61, 383–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Z, Garzotto, M, Davis, EWI, Mori, M, Stoller, WA, Farris, PE, Wong, CP, Beaver, LM, Thomas, GV, Williams, DE, Dashwood, RH, Hendrix, DA, Ho, E and Shannon, J (2020) Sulforaphane bioavailability and chemopreventive activity in men presenting for biopsy of the prostate gland: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrition and Cancer 72, 74–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fusani et al. supplementary material
Fusani et al. supplementary material
File
53.1 MB