Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T20:38:05.432Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Conservation of genetic diversity in regenerated landraces of Italian ryegrass

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2011

J. E. López  and
J. A. Oliveira
J. E. López
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigacións Agrarias de Mabegondo, Instituto Galego de Calidade Alimentaria, Consellería do Medio Rural, Xunta de Galicia, Apdo. 10, 15080A Coruña, Spain
J. A. Oliveira*
Affiliation:
Área de Producción Vegetal, Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Escuela Politécnica de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, 33600Mieres, Spain
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: oliveira@uniovi.es
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of one cycle of seed regeneration on the conservation of genetic diversity in five Italian ryegrass landraces (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Regeneration took place outdoors, in a sheltered site surrounded by tall Galician wheat, 20 m from the nearest source of alien pollen. A balanced mixture of seed (the same weight of seed per plant) was made from 90–100 plants harvested within each population. The conservation of allele frequencies was assessed by starch gel electrophoresis. Five enzyme systems from 78–153 plants per population were examined on slices of a single histidine–citrate starch gel. Each regenerated population differed from its original landrace in at least one of the five loci. The mean heterozygosity per locus was 0.45 for original and regenerated populations, and the mean number of alleles per locus was 3.7 and 3.6 for original and regenerated populations, respectively. There was no loss of common alleles (frequency >0.05) in the five regenerated populations compared with the original populations. Only three rare alleles (frequency < 0.05) were lost (e.g. alleles phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI)-2a, PGI-2c* and shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH)-1d in Padrón, Pravia and Luarca, respectively). No regeneration effect (P>0.05) was observed in the six agromorphological characters. However, a significant landrace effect was observed (P < 0.05) in the five agromorphological traits and the regenerated landraces deviated from the original landraces in 20% of direct comparisons. The results suggest that the method of regeneration used was not very suitable for maintaining the genetic integrity of the original landraces.

Keywords

genetic resourcesgermplasm regenerationLolium multiflorum Lam
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 10 , Issue 1 , April 2012 , pp. 5 - 13
Copyright
Copyright © NIAB 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Balfourier, F, Charmet, G and Ravel, C (1994) Conservation of allelic multiplicity and genotypic frequency by pooling wild populations of perennial ryegrass. Heredity 73: 386–396.Google Scholar
Börner, A, Chebotar, S and Korzum, V (2000) Molecular characterization of the genetic integrity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm after long-term maintenance. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 100: 494–497 doi: 10.1007/s001220050064.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, VL and Johnson, RC (1997) Conservation of grass collections at the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station. Proceedings of the XVIII International Grassland Congress, 8–19 June 1997, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. 1–36, pp. 1–35.Google Scholar
Breese, EL (1973) Genetic architecture and adaptation in grasses with special reference to Lolium. International Meeting on Quantitative Inheritance, Polymorphisms, Selection and Environment, 2–4 October 1972, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, pp. 73–81.Google Scholar
Breese, EL (1989) Regeneration and Multiplication of Germplasm Resources in Seed Genebanks: the Scientific Background. Rome: International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, p. 69.Google Scholar
Breese, EL and Tyler, BF (1981) Regeneration of germplasm collections of forage grasses and legumes. In: Porceddu, E, Jenquins, G and Bulkema, AA (eds) Seed Regeneration in Cross-pollinated Species. Rotterdam: Balkema, pp. 45–67.Google Scholar
Brown, AHD (1978) Isozymes, plant population genetic structure and genetic conservation. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 52: 145–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chebotar, S, Röder, MS, Korzum, V, Saal, B, Weber, WE and Börner, A (2003) Molecular studies on genetic integrity of open pollinating species rye (Secale cereale L.) after long-term genebank maintenance. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 107: 1469–1476 doi: 10.1007/s00122-003-1366-1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cornish, MA, Hayward, MD and Lawrence, MJ (1980 a) Self-incompatibility in ryegrass. 4. Seed set in diploid Lolium perenne L. Heredity 44: 333–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornish, MA, Hayward, MD and Lawrence, MJ (1980 b) Self-incompatibility in ryegrass. 3. The joint segregation of S and PGI-2 in Lolium perenne L. Heredity 44: 55–62.Google Scholar
Fearon, CH, Hayward, MD and Lawrence, MJ (1983) Self incompatibility in ryegrass. V. Genetic control in diploid Lolium multiflorum. Heredity 50: 35–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frankel, OH, Brown, AHD and Burdon, JJ (1995) The conservation of cultivated plants. In: Frankel, OH, Brown, AHD and Burdon, JJ (eds) The Conservation of Plant Biodiversity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 79–117.Google Scholar
Genlou, S and Salomon, B (2003) Microsatellite variability and heterozygote deficiency in the arctic–alpine Alaskan wheatgrass (Elymus alaskanus) complex. Genome 46: 729–737.Google Scholar
Guy, P, Ghesquière, M, Charmet, G and Prosperi, JM (1989) Pooling accessions: advantages and disadvantages. Report of a Working Group on Forages, (Third Meeting), 9–12 January 1989, Mauguio, Montpellier, France. Rome: ECP/GR/IBPGR, pp. 35–49.Google Scholar
Hartl, DL and Clark, AG (1997) Principles of Population Genetics. 3rd edn. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc., p. 542.Google Scholar
Hayward, MD, Degennars, GH, Balfourier, F and Eickmeyer, F (1995) Isozyme procedures for the characterisation of germplasm, exemplified by the collection of Lolium perenne L. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 42: 327–337.Google Scholar
Heywood, JS (1986) The effect of plant size variation on genetic drift in populations of annuals. American Naturalist 27: 851–861.Google Scholar
Johnson, RC (1998) Genetic structure of regeneration populations of annual ryegrass. Crop Science 38: 851–857.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, RC, Bradley, VI and Knowles, RP (1996) Genetic contamination by windborne pollen in germplasm-regeneration plots of smooth bromegrass. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter 106: 30–34.Google Scholar
Lawrence, MJ, Marshall, DF and Davies, P (1995) Genetics of conservation. I. Sample size when collecting germplasm. Euphytica 84: 89–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, LS and Henry, RJ (2001) Commercial applications of plant genotyping. In: Henry, RJ (ed.) Plant Genotyping: The DNA Fingerprinting of Plants. Wallingford: CAB International, pp. 265–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lloveras, J (1987) Forage production and quality of several crop rotations and pastures in northwestern Spain. Grass and Forage Science 42: 241–247.Google Scholar
López, JE, González, E, Castro, J and Oliveira, JA (2011) Colección de especies pratenses para la España Húmeda. Agricultura 938: 168–172.Google Scholar
Marshall, DR and Brown, ADH (1975) Optimum sampling strategies in genetic conservation. In: Frankel, OH and Hawkes, JG (eds) Crop Genetic Resources for Today And Tomorrow. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 53–80.Google Scholar
Medina, RD, Faloci, MM, Marassi, MA and Mroginski, LA (2005) Identificación de variedades de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) cultivadas en Argentina mediante marcadores bioquímicos: su utilidad potencial para el registro de cultivares. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter 143: 1–7.Google Scholar
Nei, M (1977) F-statistics and analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Annals of Human Genetics 41: 225–233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oliveira, JA, Lindner, R, Bregu, R, García, A and González, A (1997) Genetic diversity of westerworld ryegrass landraces in northwest Spain. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 44: 479–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piñeiro, J and Pérez, M (1986) El interés agronómico de ecotipos españoles de plantas pratenses. Pastos 44: 103–118.Google Scholar
Piñeiro, J and Pérez, M (1992) Mezclas pratenses de la España Húmeda. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Hoja Divulgadora Número 8/92 HD: 1–48.Google Scholar
Reedy, ME, Knapp, AD and Lamkey, KR (1995) Isozyme allelic frequency changes following maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm regeneration. Maydica 40: 269–273.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, NN, Fuentes, JL, Coto, O, Fuentes, V, Ramírez, IM, Becker, D, Rodríguez, I, González, C, Xonia, X, Román, MI, Velásquez, B and Rohde, W (2009) Agro-morphologic traits, isoenzyme and DNA markers for estimating the polymorphism levels, discriminating capacity and informativeness in Avocado. Revista CENIC Ciencias Biológicas 40: 63–74.Google Scholar
Sackville Hamilton, NR and Chorlton, KH (1997) Regeneration of accessions in seed collections: a decision guide. IPGRI/FAO Handbooks for Genebanks 5. Rome: IPGRI.Google Scholar
Sackville Hamilton, NR, Chorlton, KH and Thomas, ID (1998) Guidelines for the regeneration of accessions in seed collections of the main perennial forage grasses and legumes of temperate grasslands. In: Maggioni, L, Marum, P, Sackville Hamilton, R, Thomas, I, Gass, T and Lipman, E (eds) Report of a Working Group on Forages, Sixth Meeting, 6–8 March 1997, Beitostolen, Norway. Rome: IPGRI.Google Scholar
SAS Institute(1999) SAS/STAT user's guide, version 8. SAS Technical Report. Carry, NC: SAS Institute, Inc.Google Scholar
Snedecor, GW and Cochran, WG (1967) Statistical Methods. 6th edn. Ames, IA: The Iowa State Univesity Press, p. 593.Google Scholar
Soengas, P, Cartea, E, Lema, M and Velasco, P (2009) Effect of regeneration procedures on the genetic integrity of Brassica oleracea accessions. Molecular Breeding 23: 389–395.Google Scholar
Sproule, AT and Dancik, BP (1996) The mating system of black spruce in north-central Alberta, Canada. Silvae Genetica 45: 159–164.Google Scholar
Swofford, DL and Selander, RB (1981) BIOSYS 1: a Fortran program for the comprehensive analysis of electrophoretic data in population genetics and systematics. Journal of Heredity 72: 281–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyler, BF, Chorlton, KH and Thomas, ID (1984) Characterization of collected Lolium perenne populations. Report of the Welsh Plant Breeding Station, 1983, Aberysthwyth, UK, pp. 29–32.Google Scholar
Virk, PS, Zhu, J, Newbury, HJ, Bryan, GJ, Jackson, MT and Ford-Lloyd, BV (2000) Effectiveness of different classes of molecular marker for classifying and revealing variation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm. Euphytica 112: 275–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, S (1965) The interpretation of population structure by F-statistics with special regards to systems of mating. Evolution 19: 395–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yonezawa, K, Nomura, T and Morishima, H (1995) Sampling strategies for use in stratified germplasm collections. In: Hodgkin, T, Brown, AHD, Van Hintum, TJL and Morales, EAV (eds) Core Collections of Plant Genetic Resources. New York: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 35–54.Google Scholar