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Bottleneck and gene flow effects impact the genetic structure of seed-propagated apricot populations in Moroccan oasis agroecosystems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 December 2013

Ali Mamouni ,
Ahmed El Bakkali ,
Patrick Lambert ,
Lamia Krichen ,
Ahmed Oukabli ,
Jean Marc Audergon ,
Philippe Chatelet ,
Cherkaoui El Modafar  and
Bouchaib Khadari
Ali Mamouni
Affiliation:
INRA, UR Amélioration des Plantes et Conservation des Ressources Phytogénétiques, Meknés, Morocco Laboratoire AgroBiotech L02B005, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Guéliz, Université Cadi Ayyad, 40000Marrakech, Morocco
Ahmed El Bakkali
Affiliation:
INRA, UR Amélioration des Plantes et Conservation des Ressources Phytogénétiques, Meknés, Morocco INRA, UMR 1334 Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (AGAP), F-34398Montpellier, France
Patrick Lambert
Affiliation:
INRA Centre PACA – UR1052 Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes GAFL, Domaine St Maurice, CS60094, 84143Montfavet Cedex, France
Lamia Krichen
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire El Manar, 2092Tunis, Tunisia
Ahmed Oukabli
Affiliation:
INRA, UR Amélioration des Plantes et Conservation des Ressources Phytogénétiques, Meknés, Morocco
Jean Marc Audergon
Affiliation:
INRA Centre PACA – UR1052 Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes GAFL, Domaine St Maurice, CS60094, 84143Montfavet Cedex, France
Philippe Chatelet
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR 1334 Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (AGAP), F-34398Montpellier, France
Cherkaoui El Modafar
Affiliation:
Laboratoire AgroBiotech L02B005, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Guéliz, Université Cadi Ayyad, 40000Marrakech, Morocco
Bouchaib Khadari*
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR 1334 Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (AGAP), F-34398Montpellier, France CBNMed, UMR 1334 AGAP, F-34398Montpellier, France
*
* Corresponding author. E-mail: khadari@supagro.inra.fr
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Abstract

In order to highlight the genetic status and origin of Moroccan apricot populations, trees were collected from ten oasis agroecosystems and analysed with AFLP markers. A total of 87 accessions and 12 cultivars grown in Moroccan orchards, including ‘Canino’ and ‘Del Patriarca’ cultivars, were surveyed and compared with in situ Tunisian and ex situ Montfavet (France) collections. Our results highlighted a narrow genetic diversity in the Maghreb region (Tunisia and Morocco) associated with a strong differentiation from the other groups, which supports a bottleneck effect. A similar model was illustrated at a finer geographical scale, i.e. the Draa Valley in Morocco. Genetic structure appeared as two major clusters subdivided into six sub-clusters in which Moroccan germplasm constituted specific groups in comparison with other Mediterranean apricots. Moroccan germplasm was classified into three sub-clusters, two of which were formed by genotypes related to ‘Del Patriarca’ and ‘Canino’, respectively. The present study highlights the wide Moroccan apricot's diversity in traditional agroecosystems, and also suggests a substantial gene flow occurring from recently introduced cultivars (‘Canino’ and ‘Del Patriarca’) to local apricot populations, thus leading to local germplasm diversification through seedling propagation. If we consider its geographical position, the historical diffusion of the species and farming practices, Morocco could be viewed as an additional centre of secondary diversification for apricot. Understanding the origin and specificity of local apricot populations is crucial for managing local collections in regard to adaptive traits for arid and Saharan conditions as well as for introducing local genetic resources into current breeding programmes.

Keywords

amplified fragment length polymorphismgenetic diversitygenetic driftintrogressionPrunus armeniaca L
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 12 , Issue 2 , August 2014 , pp. 215 - 225
Copyright
Copyright © NIAB 2013 

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