¹ An earlier version of this paper was read at the Spring meeting of the Southwest chapter of the American Musicological Society in April 1996.

² Yudkin, Jeremy, De Musica Mensurata: The Anonymous of St. Emmeram (Bloomington, 1990), 35, n. 70.Google Scholar

³ The manuscript prefaces the beginning of Johannes de Garlandia's positio with Sed quoniam defectuosa est, ideo positionem, quae Johannis de Garlandia est, subvectimus. The treatise begins with Habito, inquit Johannes, de cognitione planae musicae, and Jerome closes the treatise Haec positio Johannis dicti de Garlandia de musica mensurabili. See Cserba, Simon M., Hieronymus de Moravia O. P.: Tractatus de Musica (Regensburg, 1935), 194 and 229.Google Scholar

⁴ Latin edition with French translation in Reaney, Gilbert, Gilles, Andre and Maillard, Jean, eds., Philippi de Vitriaco: Ars nova (Rome, 1964), chs. 113Google Scholar. English translation in Leon Plantinga, Philippe de Vitry's Ars nova: A Translation, Journal of Music Theory, 5 (1961), 20423.Google Scholar

⁵ Latin edition in de Coussemaker, Edmond, ed., Scriptorum de musica medii aevi nova series (Paris, 1864; reprint Hildesheim, 1963), I: 15775.Google Scholar

⁶ Reimer, Erich, Johannes de Garlandia: De Mensurabili Musica (Wiesbaden, 1972), 12 and 17.Google Scholar

⁷ Waite, William, Johannes de Garlandia, Poet and Musician, Speculum, 35 (1960), 17995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁸ Reimer, , Johannes de Garlandia, 16Google Scholar; Rasch, Rudolf A., Johannes de Garlandia en de ontwikkeling van de voor-Franconische notatie (Brooklyn, NY: Institute of Mediaeval Music, 1969), 92.Google Scholar

⁹ Coussemaker, Scriptorum, I: x.

¹⁰ Baltzer, Rebecca A., Johannes de Garlandia, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Sadie, Stanley (London, 1980), IX: 6624Google Scholar, see esp. 662.

¹¹ Anderson, Gordon A., The Notation of the Bamberg and Las Huelgas Manuscripts, Musica Disciplina, 32 (1978), 1967Google Scholar, see esp. 456.

¹² Yudkin, Jeremy, Notre Dame Theory: A Study of Terminology, Including a New Translation of the Music Treatise of Anonymous IV, Ph.D. diss., Stanford University (1982), 2328.Google Scholar

¹³ Huglo, Michel, Bibliographic des ditions et tudes relatives la thorie musicale du Moyen Age (19721987), Acta musicologica, 60 (1988), 22972CrossRefGoogle Scholar, see esp. 257.

¹⁴ A statute of the Arts Faculty of the University of Paris dated 19 March 1255 codifies new curriculum standards. See Isaac, Jean, Le Peri hermeneias en Occident, de Boce saint Thomas d'Aauin. Histoire littraire d'un trait d'Aristote, Bibliothque thomiste 29 (Paris, 1953), 36Google Scholar, and the discussion of the music curriculum by Huglo, Michel, The Study of Ancient Sources of Music Theory in the Medieval Universities, in Music Theory and Its Sources: Antiquity and the Middle Ages, ed. Barbera, Andre (Notre Dame, 1990), 15072.Google Scholar

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¹⁶ Pinegar, Sandra, Textual and Conceptual Relationships Among Theoretical Writings on Measurable Music of the Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries, Ph.D. diss., Columbia University (1991), 102.Google Scholar

¹⁷ ibid., 99100. Her reference to Johannes de Burgundia comes from another portion of Jerome's Tractatus, the beginning of Franco of Cologne's treatise, where he says Hanc declarans subsequitur positio tertia, Johannis videlicet de Burgundia, ut ex ore ipsius audivimus, vel secondum vulgarem opinionem Franconis de Colonia, que talis est. Pinegar translates this as This declared, there follows the third proposition of Johannes - namely Johannes of Burgundy - since we have heard it from his mouth, but according to common opinion, such as it is, of Franco of Cologne. See ibid., 98, n. 124, and Cserba, Hieronymus de Moravia, 22930.

¹⁸ Pinegar, Textual and Conceptual Relationships, 10002. James McKinnon refers to Pinegar's revised biography of Johannes de Garlandia in his introductory remarks to the excerpt in English from De musica mensurabili in Strunk's Source Readings in Music History. II: The Early Christian Period and the Latin Middle Ages, ed. James McKinnon (New York, 1998), 113.

¹⁹ Many of the documents to be discussed below were examined by Rasch, but he considers them only as part of his argument that John of Garland the grammarian and poet was not also the music theorist. He is not concerned with these citations as evidence about the music theorist himself. See Rasch, Johannes de Garlandia, 1304.

²⁰ Michalsson, Karl, Le Livre de la taille de Paris, I'an 1296, Romanica Gothoburgensia 7 (Gteborg, 1958), 229.Google Scholar

²¹ Michalsson, Karl, Le Livre de la taille de Paris, I'an 1297, Romanica Gothoburgensia 9 (Gteborg, 1962), 211.Google Scholar

²² The 1299 and 1300 tax records have not been edited or published. See Rouse, Mary A. and Rouse, Richard H., Authentic Witnesses: Approaches to Medieval Texts and Manuscripts (Notre Dame, 1991), 3323.Google Scholar

²³ ibid., 259336.

²⁴ ibid., 2603.

²⁵ ibid., 2623.

²⁶ Pollard, Graham, The Pecia System in the Medieval Universities, in Medieval Scribes, Manuscripts, and Libraries: Essays presented to N. R. Ker., ed. Parkes, Malcom B. and Watson, Andrew G. (London, 1978), 14561Google Scholar, see esp. 153.

²⁷ Rouse, and Rouse, , Authentic Witnesses, 25972.Google Scholar

²⁸ Chartularium Universitatis Parisiensis, ed. Denifle, Heinrich and Chatelain, Andre (Paris, 1889 1897), II: 180.Google Scholar

²⁹ ibid., 192.

³⁰ ibid., 273.

³¹ Glorieux, Palemon, Aux Origines de la Sorbone: II: Le Cartulaire (Paris, 1965), 540.Google Scholar

³² Destrez, Jean, Exemplaria universitaires des XHIe et XlVe sicles, with introduction by M. D. Chenu, Scriptorium, 7 (1953), 6880.Google Scholar

³³ Pinegar, Textual and Conceptual Relationships, 2401.

³⁴ ibid., 242. The inscription reads: Iste liber est pauperum magistrorum de Sorbonna ex legato Magistri Petri de Lemovicis quondam socii domus huius, in quo continetur musica fratris Jeronimi. Pretii XX. s(olidorum). Incathenabitur in capella. 64us inter quadruviales. By 1338, it had been moved to the larger of the two libraries of the Sorbonne. The inventory made in that year lists Musica fratris Jeronimi on the twentieth shelf (shelf V, since the shelves were marked with letters), and on the list of books dealing with the quadrivium it was given the shelfmark V.g. See Delisle, Leopold, Le Cabinet des Manuscrits de la Bibliothque Nationale (Paris, 1881), III: 77 and 90.Google Scholar

³⁵ These individual oaths date from the years 131454. See Rouse and Rouse, Authentic Witnesses, 2767 and 323.

³⁶ ibid., 267.

³⁷ ibid., 323.

³⁸ However, he may not have yet owned his shop in the period 128595, since he is not listed in the 1292 tax records. He still could have been involved in its production as a scribe or notator (for evidence of his skills in notation, see below) and perhaps apprentice in another shop (see Rouse and Rouse, Authentic Witnesses, 276, for evidence of other libraires who began their careers in this way). Pinegar's argument that Johannes de Garlandia was Jerome's source for the manuscript, but not its author, is strengthened by the existence of a librere of the same name. Certainly such a person would have begun to collect a substantial library of useful texts before opening his own shop.

³⁹ Rouse and Rouse, Authentic Witnesses, 3089.

⁴⁰ ibid., 282303; Rouse, Richard H. and Rouse, Mary A., The Commercial Production of Manuscript Books in Late-Thirteenth-Century and Early-Fourteenth-Century Paris, in Medieval Book Production: Assessing the Evidence, ed. Brownrigg, Linda (Los Altos Hills, 1990), 10315.Google Scholar

⁴¹ Baltzer, , Johannes de Garlandia, The New Grove Dictionary, IX: 664.Google Scholar

⁴² Norwood, Patricia L. P., A Study of the Provenance and French Motets in Bamberg, Staatsbiblioteck, Lit. 115, Ph.D. diss., University of Texas at Austin (1979), 14382Google Scholar; eadem, Evidence Concerning the Provenance of the Bamberg Codex, Journal of Musicology, 8 (1990), 491504; eadem, Performance Manuscripts from the Thirteenth Century? College Music Society Symposium, 26 (1986), 926; Norwood also points out that the arrangement, layout and copying of the motets in the manuscript facilitates performance directly from the book.Google Scholar

⁴³ Reckow, Fritz, Der Musiktraktat des Anonymus 4 (Wiesbaden, 1967), I: 978.Google Scholar

⁴⁴ Translation from Yudkin, Jeremy, The Music Treatise of Anonymous IV: A New Translation (Hnssler-Verlag, 1985), 40Google Scholar; original Latin from Reckow, Der Musiktraktat, 46: et Iohannes dictus Primarius cum quibusdam aliis in maiori parte <notabant> usque in tempus magistri Franconis primi et alterius magistri Franconis de Colonia, qui inceperant in suis libris aliter pro parte notare. Qua de causa alias regulas proprias suis libris apropriatas tradiderunt.

⁴⁵ Pro valore brevis sumuntur tres semibreves, vel quatuor, vel quinque, vel sex, vel septem, vel octo, vel novem, ad quas pertinet unius brevis proportio. Lefferts, Peter M., ReguleRobertus de Handlo and Summaljohannes Hanboys (Lincoln, Nebr., 1991), 11011.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ Minimas et minoratas agnoscere oportet. Nam minor semibrevis tres minimas valet, brevis valettres minores, ergo brevis movem minimas valebit. Et formari debent ut semibreves minores, seper signum rotundum distinguntur. Lefferts, ibid.

⁴⁷ Bent, Margaret, A Preliminary Assessment of the Independence of English Trecento Notations, in L'Ars Nova Haliana del Trecento IV: Atti de 3 Congresso internazionale (Certaldo, 1975), 6582.Google Scholar

⁴⁸ Pinegar, , Textual and Conceptual Relationships, 1001.Google Scholar

⁴⁹ Dyer, Joseph, Chant Theory and Philosophy in the Late Thirteenth Century, Cantus Planus: Papers Read at the Fourth Meeting, Pcs, Hungary, 38 September 1990 (Budapest, 1992), 99118Google Scholar, see esp. 107; Page, Christopher, The Owl and the Nightingale: Musical Life and Ideas in France 11001300 (Berkeley, 1989), 146.Google Scholar

⁵⁰ Page, , The Owl and the Nightingale, 139.Google Scholar

⁵¹ Post ipsos et in tempore suo fuit quidam Iohannes supradictus, et continuavit modos omnium supradictorum usque ad tempus magistri Franconis Reckow, Der Musiktraktat, 50.

⁵² Michalsson, , Le Livre 1296, 2289.Google Scholar

⁵³ idem., Le Livre 1297, 21011 and 4023.