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Richness and distribution of tropical oyster parasites in two oceans

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 June 2016

KATRINA M. PAGENKOPP LOHAN ,
KRISTINA M. HILL-SPANIK ,
MARK E. TORCHIN ,
LEOPOLDINA AGUIRRE-MACEDO ,
ROBERT C. FLEISCHER  and
GREGORY M. RUIZ
KATRINA M. PAGENKOPP LOHAN*
Affiliation:
Marine Invasions Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland 21037, USA Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA
KRISTINA M. HILL-SPANIK
Affiliation:
Marine Invasions Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland 21037, USA Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA
MARK E. TORCHIN
Affiliation:
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
LEOPOLDINA AGUIRRE-MACEDO
Affiliation:
Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN) Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km 6, A.P. 73 Cordemex, C.P. 97310 Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico
ROBERT C. FLEISCHER
Affiliation:
Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA
GREGORY M. RUIZ
Affiliation:
Marine Invasions Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland 21037, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Marine Invasions Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland 21037, USA. E-mail: lohank@si.edu
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Summary

Parasites can exert strong effects on population to ecosystem level processes, but data on parasites are limited for many global regions, especially tropical marine systems. Characterizing parasite diversity and distributions are the first steps towards understanding the potential impacts of parasites. The Panama Canal serves as an interesting location to examine tropical parasite diversity and distribution, as it is a conduit between two oceans and a hub for international trade. We examined metazoan and protistan parasites associated with ten oyster species collected from both Panamanian coasts, including the Panama Canal and Bocas del Toro. We found multiple metazoan taxa (pea crabs, Stylochus spp., Urastoma cyrinae). Our molecular screening for protistan parasites detected four species of Perkinsus (Perkinsus marinus, Perkinsus chesapeaki, Perkinsus olseni, Perkinsus beihaiensis) and several haplosporidians, including two genera (Minchinia, Haplosporidium). Species richness was higher for the protistan parasites than for the metazoans, with haplosporidian richness being higher than Perkinsus richness. Perkinsus species were the most frequently detected and most geographically widespread among parasite groups. Parasite richness and overlap differed between regions, locations and oyster hosts. These results have important implications for tropical parasite richness and the dispersal of parasites due to shipping associated with the Panama Canal.

Keywords

Panama Canalcorridoristhmusbiogeographyprotistspecies diversity
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 143 , Issue 9 , August 2016 , pp. 1119 - 1132
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Copyright
Copyright © 2016 Smithsonian Institution 

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Footnotes

†

Current address: Grice Marine Lab, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA.

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