Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T21:41:12.909Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Notes on Ascaris and Toxascaris, with a definition of Baylisascaris gen.nov.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

J. F. A. Sprent
J. F. A. Sprent
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The family Ascarididae, as defined by Hartwich (1957) and emended by Osche (1958), comprises species in the genera Ascaris, Toxascaris, Parascaris and Lagochilascaris, all occurring in terrestrial mammals. Other ascaridoids of terrestrial mammals occur in Crossophoridae and Toxocaridae, the latter including Toxocara and Neoascaris (see Hartwich, 1957; Sprent, 1957; Osche, 1958).

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 58 , Issue 1 , February 1968 , pp. 185 - 198
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1968

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abdulrachman, S. & Lie Kian, Joe (1954). Morphological differences between Ascaris from man and pigs. Documenta Med. geogr. trop. 6, 342–4.Google ScholarPubMed
Babero, B. B. (1957). Ascaris laevis Leidy 1856, a nematode parasitic in hibernating rodents. Diss. Abstr. 17, 1157.Google Scholar
Baylis, H. A. (1922). Notes on some parasitic nematodes. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9th series, 9, 494–504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baylis, H. A. (1936 a). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Nematoda. Vol. 1. Ascaroidea and Strongyloidea. London: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar
Baylis, H. A. (1936 b). A new ascarid from a bat. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 10th series, 17, 360–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baylis, H. A. & Daubney, R. (1922). Report on the parasitic nematodes in the collection of the Zoological Survey of India. Mem. Indian Mus, 7, 263–89.Google Scholar
Berger, H., Wood, I. B. & Willey, C. H. (1961). Observations on the development and egg production of Ascaris suum in rabbits. J. Parasit. 47, 15.Google Scholar
Berger, H. (1964). The host-parasite relations of Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782, in the rabbit. Diss. Abstr. 24, 4318–19.Google Scholar
Canavan, W. P. N. (1929). Nematode parasites of vertebrates in the Philadelphia Zoological Garden and vicinity. Parasitology 21, 63–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canavan, W. P. N. (1931). Nematode parasites of vertebrates in the Philadelphia Zoological Garden and vicinity. Parasitology 23, 196–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chabaud, A. G., Brygoo, E. E. & Petter, A. J. (1964). Les nématodes parasites de lémuriens malgaches. V. Nématodes de Daubentonia madagascariensis. Vie Milieu, Suppl. 17, pp. 205–12.Google Scholar
Chatin, J. C. M. (1877). Étude anatomique et zoologique sur l'ascaride de l'Orang-outang. C. r. Séanc. Soc. Biol. 26, 384–7.Google Scholar
Cobbold, T. S. (1874). Notes on Entozoa. Part 2. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. (8), pp. 124–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deĺic, S., Džumurov, N. & Rukavina, J. (1962). Prilog poznavanju raširenosti askarida kod janjaca na području stipskog sreza. Veterinaria, Saraj. 11, 497–501.Google Scholar
Diesing, C. M. (1851). Systema Helminthum, Vol. 2, 588 pp. Vindobonae.Google Scholar
Diesing, K. M. (1861). Revision der Nematoden. Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien (1860), 42, 595–736.Google Scholar
Dromey, L. (1953). Ascariasis in cattle. Ir. vet. J. 7, 55–6.Google Scholar
Dunn, F. L. & Greer, W. E. (1962). Nematodes resembling Ascaris lumbricoides L., 1758, from a Malayan gibbon, Hylobates agilis F. Cuvier, 1821. J. Parasit. 48, 150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Durette, M. C. (1963). Remarques sur les anomalies du genre Lagochilascaris. Bull. Soc. Path. exot. 56, 129–33.Google ScholarPubMed
Durette, M. C. (1964). Nématodes parasites de mammifères et de reptiles. 4. Phasmidiens (2e note). Explor. Pare natn. Upemba Miss G. F. de Witte 68, 3–12.Google Scholar
Erickson, A. B. (1946). Incidence of worm parasites in Minnesota; Mustelidae and host lists and keys to North American species. Am. Midl. Nat. 36, 494–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evranova, V. G. (1959). Ascaris mosgovoyi n.sp. from reindeer. Trudy gel'mint. Lab. 9, 401–2.Google Scholar
Gedoelst, L. (1916). Notes sur la faune parasitaire du Congo Belge. Revue zool. afr. 5, 1–90.Google Scholar
Gedoelst, C. R. (1920). Sur une espèce nouvelle d'ascaride, parasite du blaireau. C. r. Séanc. Soc. Biol. 83, 1291–2.Google Scholar
Goeze, J. A. E. (1782). Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Eingeweidewurmer thierische Körper. Blankenburg.Google Scholar
Goodey, T. (1926). On the Ascaris from sheep. J. Helminth. 4, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodey, T. & Cameron, T. W. M. (1923). Observations on the morphology and life history of Ascaris columnaris Leidy, a nematode parasite of the skunk. J. Helminth. 1, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grinberg, A. I. (1961). Rare cases of Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara mystax in man. Medskaya Parazit. 30, 626.Google Scholar
Hall, M. C. (1916). Nematode parasites of mammals of the orders Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Hyracoidea. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 50, 1–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartwich, G. (1957). Zur Systematik der Nematoden-Superfamilie Ascaridoidea. Zool. Jb. Abt. Syst., Okol. Geogr. Tiere, 85, 211–52.Google Scholar
Hartwich, G. (1958). Der Dachsspulwurm ‘Belascaris melis' Gedoelst. 1920, (Nematoda, Ascaridoidea) und seine systematische Stellung. Mitt. zool, Mus. Berl. 34, 57–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartwich, G. (1962). Über den Waschbärenspulwurm Ascaris procyonis Stefanski et Žarnowski 1951, und'seine Stellung im System der Ascaroidea (Nematoda). Čslká Parasit. 9, 239–56.Google Scholar
Herman, C. M. (1939). Parasites obtained from animals in the collection of the New York zoological park during 1938. Zoologica N.Y. 24, 481–5.Google Scholar
Holz, J. & Horning, B. (1954). Über die wirtschaftl. Bedeutung des Spulwurms Ascaris ovis Rudolphi. Prakt. Tierarzt. Year 1954, no. 3, p. 61.Google Scholar
Johnston, A. A. (1963). Ascarids in sheep. N.Z. vet. J. 11, 69–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khera, S. (1951). Toxascaris melursus n.sp. (sub-family Ascarinae Travassos, 1913: family Ascaridae Cobbold, 1864: Nematoda) from the sloth bear, Melursus urinus Shaw. Indian J. Helminth. 3, 67–71.Google Scholar
Kreis, H. A. (1938). Beiträge zur Kenntnis parasitischer Nematoden. VI. Parasitische Nematoden aus dem Zoologischen Garten in Basel. Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde (Abt. I Orig.) 141, 279–304.Google Scholar
Leidy, J. (1856). A synopsis of Entozoa and some of their ectocongeners observed by the author. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 8, 42–58.Google Scholar
Leiper, R. T. (1907). Two new genera of nematodes occasionally parasitic in man. Br. med. J. 1, 1296–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leiper, R. T. (1909 a). Abstr. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 74, 35–6.Google Scholar
Leiper, R. T. (1909 b). A new nematode worm from Trinidad. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 4, 742–3.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, 823 pp. Editio, decima, reformata.Google Scholar
von Linstow, O. F. B. (1879). Helminthologische Untersuchungen. Jh. Ver. vaterl. Naturk. Wurtt. 35, 313–42.Google Scholar
von Linstow, O. F. B. (1897). Nemathelminthen grösstentheils in Madagascar gesammelt. Arch. Naturgesch. 63. J. 1, 27–34.Google Scholar
von Linstow, O. F. B. (1902). Beobachtungen an neuen und bekannten Nemathelminthen. Arch. mikrosk. Anat. EntwMech. 60, 217–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Linstow, O. F. B. (1907). Nematoden uus dem Königlichen Zoologischen Museum in Berlin Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 3, 251–59.Google Scholar
Lýsek, H. (1963). Contribution to the morphological problem of differences between Ascaris lumbricoides Linné 1758 and Ascaris suum Goeze 1782. Vest. csl. zool. Spol. 27, 97–101.Google Scholar
MacCallum, G. A. (1921). Studies in Helminthology. Zoopathologica 1, 135–284.Google Scholar
Machado, O. (1945). Os mamiferos domesticos e silvestres como reservatorios de doencas humanas. Biologia méd., Niteroi, 3, 65–72.Google Scholar
McClure, G. W. (1933). Nematode parasites of mammals from specimens collected in the New York zoological park, 1931. Zoologica N.Y. 15, 29–47.Google Scholar
McIntosh, A. (1939). A new nematode, Ascaris schroederi, from a giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Zoologica, N.Y. 24, 355–7.Google Scholar
Marshall, W. H. (1942). The biology and management of the pine marten in Idaho. Thesis, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Matoff, K. & Wassileff, I. (1959). Über die Artzugehörigkeit der Ascaridata des Schafes (Ovis aries). Z. ParasitKde. 19, 111–34.Google Scholar
Miloshev, B. I. (1960). The effect of helminth intoxication on the aetiology and pathogenesis of symptomatic epilepsy. Medskaya Parazit. 29, 482–3.Google Scholar
Morgan, B. B. (1943). New host records of nematodes from Mustelidae (Carnivora). J. Parasit. 29, 158–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, B. B. & Waller, E. F. (1940). Severe parasitism in a raccoon (Procyon lotor lotor L.). Trans. Am. microsc. Soc. 59, 523–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moskalev, B. S. (1954). On the question of the independence of a species of Ascaris from river beavers. Trudy gel'mint. Lab. 7, 349–50.Google Scholar
Moskalev, B. S. (1961). Ecological and morphological plasticity of Ascaris lumbricoides. Medskaya Parazit. 30, 143–8.Google Scholar
Mosgovoi, A. A. (1948). The morphology and biology of Ascaris tarbagan Schulz, 1931. Trudy gel'mint. Lab. 1, 161–3.Google Scholar
Mozgovoi, A. A. (1953). Fundamentals of Nematodology. Vol. 2. Ascaridata of Animals and Man and the Diseases they Cause, 616 pp. Moskva.Google Scholar
Mozgovoi, A. A. & Nosik, A. F. (1951). On the validity of Ascaris ovis, the ascaris of small ruminants. Trudy gel'mint. Lab. 5, 23–7.Google Scholar
Mozgovoi, A. A. & Shevtsov, A. A. (1960). Ascaris in small ruminants. Trudy gel'mint. Lab. 10, 149–52.Google Scholar
Mozgovoi, A. A., Popova, T. I., Shalaeva, N. M. & Shmitova, G. Y. (1960). The validity of some species of Ascaridata of man and other animals. Trudy gel'mint. Lab. 10, 153–65.Google Scholar
Neveu-Lemaire, M. (1923). Présence d'Ascaris ovis chez le chevreuil (Capreolus capreolus). Annls Parasit. hum. comp. 1, 265–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okoshi, S., Takashio, M. & Nakagawa, S. (1962). Toxascaris transfuga (Rudolphi, 1819) Baylis and Daubney, 1922, found in captive bears in Japan. Jap. J. vet. Sci. 24, 151–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oldham, J. N. (1961). Studies on parasites of the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin) from south eastern England. I. Helminth parasites. J. Helminth. (R. T. Leiper Suppl.), pp. 127–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olsen, O. W. & Fenstermacher, R. (1938). The raccoon, a new host of Ascaris columnaris Leidy, 1856 (Nematoda: Ascaridae). Proc. helminth. Soc. Wash. 5, 20.Google Scholar
Olsen, O. W. & Fenstermacher, R. (1942). Parasites of moose in Northern Minnesota. Am. J. vet. Res. 3, 403–8.Google Scholar
Onji, Y. (1921). Das Lungen-Distoma, der Schmarotzer wilder, krabbenfangender und-verzehrender Tiere. 1. Mitteilung. Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde (Abt. I. Orig.) 86, 500–5.Google Scholar
Ortlepp, R. J. (1940). South African helminths. Part VII. Miscellaneous helminths, chiefly cestodes. Onderstepoort J. vet. Sci. Anim. Ind. 14, 97–110.Google Scholar
Osche, G. (1955). Über Entwicklung, Zwischenwirt und Bau von Porrocaecum talpae, Porrocaecum ensicaudatum und Habronema mansoni (Nematoda). Z. ParasitKde. 17, 144–64.Google Scholar
Osche, G. (1958). Beiträge zur Morphologie, Ökologie und Phylogenie der Ascaridoidea (Nematoda). Parallelen in der Evolution von Parasit und Wirt. Z. ParasitKde 18, 479–572.Google Scholar
Parona, C. (1889). Sopra alcuni Elminti di Vertebrati Birmani, raccolti da Leonardo Fea. Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Giacomo Doria 27, 765–80.Google Scholar
Parona, C. (1909). Vermi parassiti di vertebrati. Ruwenzori, Parte Scient. 1, 415–22.Google Scholar
Petrov, A. M. (1940). Parasitic worms of Mustelidae of the Moscow zoological gardens. Trudy mosk. Zoopk. 1, 202–31.Google Scholar
Raethel, H. S. (1957). Über Askaridiasis mit ungewöhnlichen Folgen beim Halsbandpekari (Pecari tajacu L.). Dt. tierarztl. Wschr. 64, 594–6.Google Scholar
Rasheed, S. (1965). On a remarkable new nematode. Lappetascaris lutjani gen. et sp.nov. (Anisakidae: Ascaridoidea) from marine fishes of Karachi and an account of Thynnascaris inquies (Linton, 1901) n.comb. and Goezia intermedia n.sp. J. Helminth. 39, 313–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rausch, R. (1946). The raccoon, a new host for Microphallus sp., with additional notes on M. ovatus from turtles. J. Parasit. 32, 208–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rausch, R. & Tiner, J. D. (1948). Studies on the parasitic helminths of the North Central States. I. Helminths of Sciuridae. Am. Midl. Nat. 39, 728–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudolphi, C. A. (1809). Entozoorum sive vermium intestinalium historia naturalis, Vol. 2, Part 1, 457 pp. Amstelaedami.Google Scholar
Rudolphi, C. A. (1819). Entozoorum synopsis cui accedunt mantissa duplex et indices locupletissimi. Berolini.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sadawskaya, N. P. (1952). Parasitic worms of rodents and insects in the Black Sea region. Dissertation. [Cited from Mozgovoi (1953). See also abstract (1954) Trudy gel'mint. Lab. 7, 388–90.]Google Scholar
Schulz, R. Ed. (1931). Ascaris joffi n.sp. und A. tarbagan n.sp.-zwei neue Askariden der Nagetiere. Zool. Anz. 94, 238–45.Google Scholar
Schwartz, B. (1925). Occurrence of Ascaris in cattle in the U.S. N. Am. Vet. 6, 24–30.Google Scholar
Schwartz, B. (1926). A possible new source of infection of man with Trichuris. With a consideration of the question of physiological varieties among helminths. Arch. Schiffs-u. Tropenhyg. 30, 544–7.Google Scholar
Setti, E. (1892). Elminti dell'Eritrea e delle regioni limitrofe. Boll. Musei Lab. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Genova (6), 19 pp.Google Scholar
Shcherbinin, I. V. (1959). A rare case of ascariasis in a sheep. Zool. Zh. 38, 1888.Google Scholar
Shevtsov, A. A. (1958). Occurrence of ascarids in goats. Veterinariya 35, 83.Google Scholar
Shul'ts, R. S. & Aloyan, M. T. (1950). Ascaris spalacis n.sp. from Spalax leucodon Nordm. Dokl. Akad. Nauk armyan. SSR. 12, 147–50.Google Scholar
Spaul, E. A. (1923). Notes on some nematodes from East African hosts. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., Ser. 9 (62), 11, 218–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sprehn, C. & Haakh, U. (1956). Zur Morphologie des Waschbâren-spulwurmes und zu seiner Stellung im System. Z. angew. Zool. Year 1956, no. 1, 95–102.Google Scholar
Sprent, J. F. A. (1952). On an ascaris parasite of the fisher and marten, Ascaris devosi sp.nov. Proc. helminth. Soc. Wash. 19, 27–37.Google Scholar
Sprent, J. F. A. (1954). The life cycles of nematodes in the family Ascarididae Blanchard, 1896. J. Parasit. 40, 608–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sprent, J. F. A. (1956). The life history and development of Toxocara cati (Schrank 1788) in the domestic cat. Parasitology 46, 54–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sprent, J. F. A. (1957). A new species of Neoascaris from Rattus assimilis, with a redefinition of the genus. Parasitology 47, 350–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sprent, J. F. A. (1959). The life history and development of Toxascaris leonina (von Linstow 1902) in the dog and cat. Parasitology 49, 330–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stefanski, W. & Zarnowski, E. (1951). Ascaris procyonis n.sp. z jelita szopa (Procyon lotor L.) Ascaris procyonis n.sp. provenant de l'intestin de Procyon lotor L. Annls Mus. zool. pol. 14, 199–202.Google Scholar
Stiles, C. W. & Hassall, A. (1894). A preliminary catalogue of the parasites contained in the collections of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Army Medical Museum. Biological Department of the University of Pennsylvania (Coll. Leidy) and in Coll. Stiles and Coll. Hassall. Vet. Mag. Phila. 1, 331–54.Google Scholar
Stiles, C. W. & Hassall, A. (1920). Index-Catalogue of Medical and Veterinary Zoology. Subjects: Roundworms. Washington: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Stossich, M. (1896). Il genere Ascaris Linne. Lavoro monografico. Boll. Soc. adriat. Sci. nat. 17, 9–120.Google Scholar
Thornton, H. (1924). The relationship between the ascarids of man, pig and chimpanzee. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit, 18, 99–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tiner, J. D. (1951). The morphology of Ascaris laevis Leidy, 1856, and notes on ascarids in rodents. Proc. helminth. Soc. Wash. 18, 126–31.Google Scholar
Tiner, J. D. (1952). Speciation in the genus Ascaris: additional experimental and morphological data. J. Parasit. 38, Suppl. 27. (abstr.)Google Scholar
Tiner, J. D. (1953 a). The migration, distribution in the brain, and growth of ascarid larvae in rodents. J. infect. Dis. 92, 105–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tiner, J. D. (1953 b). Fatalities in rodents caused by larval Ascaris in the central nervous system. J. Mammal. 34, 153–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tiner, J. D. & Chin, T. H. (1948). The occurrence of Ascaris lumbricoides L. 1758, in the muskrat. Ondrata zibethica L. J. Parasit. 34, 253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wahid, S. (1961). A new host for the genus Ascaris. Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 55, 305.Google Scholar
Waller, E. F. (1940). Infectious gastro-enteritis in raccoons (= Procyon lotor). J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 96, 266–8.Google Scholar
Wensvoort, P. (1962). Een spontane infectie van Ascaris lumbricoides bij lammeren. Tijdschr. Diergeneesk. 87, 260–2.Google Scholar
Wilkie, J. S. (1930). Note on the occurrence of Ascaris columnaris, Leidy, in Siberian Mustelidae. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 10th Series, 6, 65–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamaguti, S. (1941). Studies on helminth fauna of Japan. Part 35. Mammalian nematodes. II. Jap. J. Zool. 9, 409–39.Google Scholar
York, W. & Maplestone, P. A. (1926). The Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. London: J. and A. Churchill.Google Scholar