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Helminth-derived cystatins: the immunomodulatory properties of an Ascaris lumbricoides cystatin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2021

Luis Caraballo*
Affiliation:
Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
Josefina Zakzuk
Affiliation:
Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
Nathalie Acevedo
Affiliation:
Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
*
Author for correspondence: Luis Caraballo, E-mail: lcaraballog@unicartagena.edu.co

Abstract

Helminth infections such as ascariasis elicit a type 2 immune response resembling that involved in allergic inflammation, but differing to allergy, they are also accompanied with strong immunomodulation. This has stimulated an increasing number of investigations, not only to better understand the mechanisms of allergy and helminth immunity but to find parasite-derived anti-inflammatory products that could improve the current treatments of chronic non-communicable inflammatory diseases such as asthma. A great number of helminth-derived immunomodulators have been discovered and some of them extensively analysed, showing their potential use as anti-inflammatory drugs in clinical settings. Since Ascaris lumbricoides is one of the most successful parasites, several groups have focused on the immunomodulatory properties of this helminth. As a result, several excretory/secretory components and purified molecules have been analysed, revealing interesting anti-inflammatory activities potentially useful as therapeutic tools. One of these molecules is A. lumbricoides cystatin, whose genomic, cellular, molecular, and immunomodulatory properties are described in this review.

Type
Review Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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