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The accuracy of measures in screening adults for spiritual suffering in health care settings: A systematic review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2019

Sayna Bahraini ,
Wendy Gifford ,
Ian D. Graham ,
Liquaa Wazni ,
Suzette Brémault-Phillips ,
Rebekah Hackbusch ,
Catrine Demers  and
Mary Egan
Sayna Bahraini*
Affiliation:
School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Canada
Wendy Gifford
Affiliation:
School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Canada
Ian D. Graham
Affiliation:
School of Epidemiology Public Health, University of Ottawa, Canada
Liquaa Wazni
Affiliation:
School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Canada
Suzette Brémault-Phillips
Affiliation:
School of Occupational Therapy, University of Alberta, Canada
Rebekah Hackbusch
Affiliation:
Therapeutic Support Service, Bruyère Continuing Care-Saint Vincent Hospital, Canada
Catrine Demers
Affiliation:
School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
Mary Egan
Affiliation:
School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
*
Address correspondence: Sayna Bahraini, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Ottawa, Canada. E-mail: sbahr080@uottawa.ca
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Abstract

Objective

Guidelines for palliative and spiritual care emphasize the importance of screening patients for spiritual suffering. The aim of this review was to synthesize the research evidence of the accuracy of measures used to screen adults for spiritual suffering.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature. We searched five scientific databases to identify relevant articles. Two independent reviewers screened, extracted data, and assessed study methodological quality.

Results

We identified five articles that yielded information on 24 spiritual screening measures. Among all identified measures, the two-item Meaning/Joy & Self-Described Struggle has the highest sensitivity (82–87%), and the revised Rush protocol had the highest specificity (81–90%). The methodological quality of all included studies was low.

Significance of Results

While most of the identified spiritual screening measures are brief (comprised 1 to 12 items), few had sufficient accuracy to effectively screen patients for spiritual suffering. We advise clinicians to use their critical appraisal skills and clinical judgment when selecting and using any of the identified measures to screen for spiritual suffering.

Keywords

Screeningsufferingspiritualitydiagnostic test accuracysystematic review
Type
Review Article
Information
Palliative & Supportive Care , Volume 18 , Issue 1 , February 2020 , pp. 89 - 102
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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