Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vsgnj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-22T23:56:55.091Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Competitive exclusion in evolutionary time: the case of the acorn barnacles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2017

Steven M. Stanley  and
William A. Newman
Steven M. Stanley
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
William A. Newman
Affiliation:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Barnacles living along rocky shores provide the classic example of competitive dominance in the marine ecosystem: by means of firm attachment and rapid growth, balanoid barnacles commonly undercut and overgrow the genus Chthamalus, which is thereby restricted to the upper fringe of the intertidal zone, where balanoids are physiologically incapable of living. Today, after perhaps less than 50 Myr of evolution, balanoid barnacles are in the midst of rampant adaptive radiation, being represented by about 273 species, of which about half are free-living species of intertidal or shallow subtidal habitats. Chthamaloid barnacles, in contrast, are on the decline, having originated at least 70 Myr ago but today comprising only about 53 living species, approximately 40 of which occupy the uppermost intertidal. The remainder persist as localized, relict, and often disjunct populations. Through competitive exclusion, balanoid barnacles have apparently caused the ecological restriction and decline of the chthamaloids. The balanoids have an advanced feeding mechanism, but the most important adaptive breakthrough leading to their competitive success was probably the origin of a tubiferous wall structure, which affords rapid skeletal growth for the efficient monopolization of free space and for the destruction of chthamaloids.

Type
Articles
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 6 , Issue 2 , Spring 1980 , pp. 173 - 183
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Abbott, R. T. 1960. The genus Strombus in the Indo-Pacific. Indo-Pacific Mollusca (Philadelphia). 1:33–146.Google Scholar
Abbott, R. T. 1968. The helmet shells of the world. Indo-Pacific Mollusca (Philadelphia). 2:15–202.Google Scholar
Achituv, Y. 1972. The Zonation of Tetrachthamalus oblitteratus Newman, and Tetraclita squamosa rufotincta Pilsbry in the Gulf of Elat, Red Sea. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 8:73–81.Google Scholar
Achituv, Y. and Barnes, H. 1978. Some observations in Tetraclita squamosa rufotincta . J. Exper. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 31:315–324.Google Scholar
Anderson, D. T. 1978. Cirral activity and feeding in the coral-inhabiting barnacle Boscia anglicum (Cirripedia). J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U. K. 58:607–626.Google Scholar
Barnes, H. and Powell, H. T. 1953. The growth of Balanus balanoides (L.) and B. crenatus Brug. under varying conditions of submersion. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 32:107–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, H., Reed, R., and Topinka, J. 1970. The behaviour on impaction by solids of some common cirripedes and relation to their normal habitat. J. Exper. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 5:70–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boss, K. J. 1971. Critical estimate of the number of Recent Mollusca. Harvard Univ. Mus. Comp. Zool. Occas. Pap. Mollusks. 3:81–136.Google Scholar
Cernoharsky, W. O. 1976. The Mitridae of the world. Part I. The subfamily Mitrinae. Indo-Pacific Mollusca. 3:273–528.Google Scholar
Connell, J. H. 1961a. Effects of competition, predation by Thais lapillus, and other factors on natural populations of the barnacle Balanus balanoides . Ecol. Monogr. 31:61–104.Google Scholar
Connell, J. H. 1961b. The influence of interspecific competition and other factors on the distribution of the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus . Ecology. 42:710–723.Google Scholar
Connell, J. H. 1970. A predator-prey system in the rocky intertidal region. I. Balanus glandula and several predatory species of Thais . Ecol. Monogr. 40:49–78.Google Scholar
Connell, J. H. 1975. Some mechanisms producing structure in natural communities: A model and evidence from field experiments. Pp. 460–490. In: Cody, M. L. and Diamond, J. M., eds. Ecology and Evolution of Communities. Harvard Univ. Press; Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
Darragh, T. A. 1964. A preliminary revision of the living species of Eucrassatella (Pelecypoda: Crassatellidae). J. Malacol. Soc. Australia. 8:3–9.Google Scholar
Darragh, T. A. 1965. Revision of the species of Eucrassatella and Spissatella in the Tertiary of Victoria and Tasmania. Proc. R. Soc. Victoria. 78:95–114.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. 1851. A monograph of the fossil Lepadidae, or, pedunculated cirripedes of Great Britain. 88 pp. Palaeontographical Soc. London.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. 1854. A monograph on the subclass Cirripedia. The Balanidae, the Verrucidae, etc. 684 pp. Ray Soc., London.Google Scholar
Foster, B. A. 1971a. Desiccation as a factor in the intertidal zonation of barnacles. Mar. Biol. 8:12–29.Google Scholar
Foster, B. A. 1971b. On the determinants of the upper limit of intertidal distribution of barnacles (Crustacea:Cirripedia). J. Animal Ecol. 40:33–48.Google Scholar
Foster, B. A. 1974. The barnacles of Fiji, with observations on the ecology of barnacles on tropical shores. Pacific Sci. 28:34–56.Google Scholar
Foster, B. A. 1978. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Barnacles (Cirripedia:Thoracica). New Zealand Oceanogr. Inst. Mem. 69:1–160.Google Scholar
Hatton, H. 1938. Essais de bionomie explicative sur quelques especes intercoditales d'algues et d'animaux. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr. Monaco. 17:241–348.Google Scholar
Hines, A. H. 1979. The comparative reproductive ecology of three species of intertidal barnacles. In: Stancyk, S. E., ed. Reproductive Patterns of Marine Invertebrates. Belle W. Baruch Library Mar. Sci. 9:213–234.Google Scholar
Hurley, A. C. 1973. Larval settling of the acorn barnacle (Balanus pacificus Pilsbry) and its relation to distribution. J. Anim. Ecol. 42:599–609.Google Scholar
Hurley, A. C. 1975. The establishment of populations of Balanus pacificus Pilsbry (Cirripedia) and their elimination by predatory Turbellaria. J. Anim. Ecol. 44:521–532.Google Scholar
Jackson, J. B. C., Goreau, T. F., and Hartman, W. D. 1971. Recent brachiopod-coralline sponge communities and their paleoecologic significance. Science. 173:623–625.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kauffman, E. G. and Sohl, N. F. 1974. Structure and evolution of Antillean Cretaceous rudist frameworks. Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel. 84:399–467.Google Scholar
Keen, A. Myra. 1971. Sea Shells of Tropical West America. 1064 pp. Stanford Univ. Press; Stanford, Calif.Google Scholar
MacNeil, F. S. 1965. Evolution and distribution of the genus Mya with a discussion of Tertiary faunal migrations. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 483-G:1–51.Google Scholar
Marsh, J. A. and Rippingale, O. H. 1974. Cone Shells of the World. 185 pp. The Jacaranda Press; Milton, Queensland.Google Scholar
Newman, W. A. 1967. On physiology and behaviour of estuarine barnacles. Proc. Symp. Crustacea, Part III. Mar. Biol. Assoc. India, pp. 1038–1066.Google Scholar
Newman, W. A. 1980. Biogeography of balanomorph barnacles of the Southern Ocean. Internat. Symp. Mar. Biogeogr. Evol. in the Southern Hemisphere. Univ. Auckland, New Zealand, July 14–29, 1978. Vol. 1, pp. 279–306.Google Scholar
Newman, W. A. and Ross, A. 1971. Antarctic Cirripedia. Antarctic Research Series 14:257pp. Am. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Newman, W. A. and Ross, A. 1976. Revision of the balanomorph barnacles; including a catalog of the species. Mem. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 9:108pp.Google Scholar
Newman, W. A. and Ross, A. 1977. A living Tesseropora (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha) from Bermuda and the Azores: First records from the Atlantic since the Oligocene. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 18(12):201–216.Google Scholar
Newman, W. A., Zullo, V. A., and Wainwright, S. A. 1967. A critique on recent concepts of growth in Balanomorpha (Cirripedia, Thoracica). Crustaceana. 12:167–178.Google Scholar
Ortmann, A. E. 1902. Tertiary invertebrates. Repts. Princeton Univ. Exped. to Patagonia, 1896–1899, 4, Paleontology (2). Pp. 247–255.Google Scholar
Osman, R. W. 1977. The establishment and development of a marine epifaunal community. Ecol. Monogr. 47:36–63.Google Scholar
Pilsbry, H. A. 1916. The sessile barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U. S. National Museum; including a monograph of the American species. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 93:1–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pope, E. 1965. A review of Australian and some Indomalayan Chthamalidae (Crustacea, Cirripedia). Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 90(1):10–77.Google Scholar
Powell, A. W. B. 1964. The family Turridae in the Indo-Pacific. Indo-Pacific Mollusca (Philadelphia). 1:227–346; 409–444.Google Scholar
Rehder, H. A. 1973. The family Harpidae of the world. Indo-Pacific Mollusca (Philadelphia). 3:207–274.Google Scholar
Rosewater, J. 1965. The family Tridacnidae in the Indo-Pacific. Indo-Pacific Mollusca (Philadelphia). 1:347–396.Google Scholar
Ross, A. 1969. Studies on the Tetraclitidae (Cirripedia:Thoracica): Revision of Tetraclita. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. Trans. 15:237–251.Google Scholar
Southward, A. J. 1964. On the European species of Chthamalus (Cirripedia). Crustaceana 6(4):241–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southward, A. J. 1976. On the taxonomic status and distribution of Chthamalus stellatus (Cirripedia) in the north-east Atlantic region with a key to the common intertidal barnacles of Britain. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U. K. 56:1007–1028.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, S. M. 1974. What has happened to the articulate brachiopods? Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Progr. 6:966–967.Google Scholar
Stanley, S. M. 1975. A theory of evolution above the species level. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 72:646–650.Google Scholar
Stanley, S. M. 1977. Trends, rates, and patterns of evolution in the Bivalvia. Pp. 209–250. In: Hallam, A., ed. Patterns of Evolution. Elsevier; Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Stanley, S. M. 1979. Macroevolution: Pattern and Process. 332 pp. W. H. Freeman and Co.; San Francisco.Google Scholar
Stephenson, T. A. and Stephenson, A. 1972. Life between tidemarks on rocky shores. 425 pp. W. H. Freeman and Co.; San Francisco.Google Scholar
Thiele, J. 1929. Handbuch der systematisher Weichtierkunde. Teil I. 370 pp. Gustav Fischer, Jena.Google Scholar
Vermeij, G. J. 1977. The Mesozoic marine revolution: evidence from snails, predators, and grazers. Paleobiology. 3:245–258.Google Scholar
Waller, T. R. 1969. The evolution of the Argopecten gibbus stock (Mollusca: Bivalvia), with emphasis on the Tertiary and Quaternary species of eastern North America. Paleontol. Soc. Mem. 3:1–125.Google Scholar
Warmke, G. L. and Abbott, R. T. 1961. Caribbean Seashells. 348 pp. Livingston Publ. Co.; Narberth, Pa.Google Scholar
Ziegler, R. F. and Porreca, H. C. 1969. Olive Shells of the World. 96 pp. R. F. Ziegler and H. C. Porreca; West Henrietta, New York.Google Scholar