Article contents
What is Education?: Re‐reading metaphysics in search of foundations
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 January 2024
Abstract
- Type
- Original Articles
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2012 The Author. New Blackfriars © 2012 The Dominican Council
References
1 Heidegger, Martin, Being and Time, Macquarrie, and Robinson, (trans.) (New York: Harper & Row, 1962) 29Google Scholar.
2 Aristotle, , ‘Metaphysics’, The Complete Works of Aristotle, Vol.2, Barnes, Jonathan (ed.) (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984) 1028a9–31Google Scholar.
3 Heidegger, Being and Time, 29
4 Aristotle, ‘Metaphysics’, 1003a32–34
5 Translating oυσια as substance can be quite misleading as in English we often mean by substance stuff or material which is certainly not what Aristotle meant by oυσια. oυσια is an abstract noun derived from the verb ‘ɛιναι’–‘to be’. For Aristotle, substance is the technical term for something that exists in its own right as a unified whole with a particular identity. This is why scholars will sometimes translate oυσια as subsistence.
6 Aristotle, ‘Metaphysics’, 1028a31–32
7 Aristotle, ‘Metaphysics’, 1029a27–28
8 Vella, John A., Aristotle: A Guide for the Perplexed (London, Continuum, 2008) 38Google Scholar.
9 Shields, Christopher, Aristotle (London: Routledge, 2007) 172–175CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
10 Aristotle, ‘Metaphysics’, 999a25–26
11 Shields, Aristotle, 256
12 Aristotle, ‘Metaphysics’, 1029a30–31
13 See Aristotle's ‘Physics’ and ‘Metaphysics’, 191b27–28, 1014b‐16–1017b25, 1050a15–16
14 Shields, Aristotle, 263–265
15 Aristotle, , ‘Categories’ in The Complete Works of Aristotle, Vol.1, Barnes, Jonathan (ed.) (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1984)Google Scholar 2a11–2b29
16 McInerny, Ralph, A First Glance at St. Thomas Aquinas: A Handbook for Peeping Thomists (Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame Press, 1990)Google Scholar.
17 Clarke, William Norris, ‘Introduction’, An Introduction to the Metaphysics of St. Thomas Aquinas, Anderson, James F. (trans.) (Washington, Regnery Publishing, 1997) xv‐xviGoogle Scholar.
18 Aquinas, Thomas, ‘On Being and Essence’, in Selected Writings, McInerny, Ralph (trans.) (London, Penguin Books, 1998) p.31Google Scholar.
19 Aquinas, Thomas, ‘On the Teacher’, in Selected Writings, McInerny, Ralph (trans.) (London, Penguin Books, 1998) p.480Google Scholar.
20 Aquinas, Thomas, Summa Theologiae (Notre Dame, Ave Maria Press, 1981) 1a Q5, Art.1, Reply Objection 1Google Scholar.
21 Shields, Aristotle, 265
22 Thomas Aquinas, ‘Disputations, III, de Potentia’, quoted in An Introduction to the Metaphysics of St. Thomas Aquinas, Anderson, James F. (trans.) (Washington, Regnery Publishing, 1997) VII, 3Google Scholar.
23 William Norris Clarke, ‘Introduction’, xvii
24 Clarke, William Norris, The One and the Many: A Contemporary Thomistic Metaphysics (Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame Press, 2001) 94–96Google Scholar.
25 Thomas Aquinas, ‘On Being and Essence’, 39
26 Aquinas writes: “Consequently it must be the office of one and the same science to consider separate substance and being in general (ens commune)…” (Aquinas, Commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics, p.xxx). This mirrors Aristotle's discussion of metaphysics as the study of being qua being.
27 LaNave, Gregory, ‘God, Creation, and the Possibility of Philosophical Wisdom’, Theological Studies, 2008, 69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28 Gregory LaNave, ‘God, Creation, and the Possibility of Philosophical Wisdom’, 69
29 Aquinas, Thomas, Summa Contra Gentiles, Book 1: God, Pegis, Anton (trans.) (London, University of Notre Dame Press, 2009)Google Scholar
30 William Norris Clarke, The One and the Many, 94–96
31 There are a number of levels of meaning to the phrase ‘particular horizon of common existence’. At one level this simply indicates a conceptual ‘common existence’; ‘ens commune’– everything that is, shares in common being. However, the phrase also signifies the necessity of a ‘universal community’ or universe as the horizon or space in which any act may take place. More specifically, the phrase also signifies how something like a planet forms a ‘worldly community’; a horizon in which there are various contexts of common existence, whether it be plate tectonics, particular ecosystems or habitats, or with regard to humans; particular societies or communities.
32 Francis J. Caponi, ‘Karl Rahner and the Metaphysics of Participation’, Thomist, 2003, 67
33 Aquinas, Thomas., Summa Contra Gentiles, Book 2: Creation, Anderson, James (trans.) (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1975) Chapter 54Google Scholar
34 It is important to note at this point that this mutual interdependence of individual entities applies just as much to rocks, humans, planets, and everything that exists in a similar or analogous way to the example of the Morton Bay Fig.
35 I am using reason, rationality, and reasoning in the more traditional metaphysical sense. As such, reasoning involves both the passive capacity for the intuition (νoυς) of being, as well as active reasoning (λoγoς) which includes: discourse, the use of principles to determine action, understanding of causes, self‐awareness, and so on…
36 Aristotle, , ‘Politics’, in Complete Works of Aristotle (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984) 1260b9–1260b20Google Scholar
37 Aquinas, Thomas, ‘On Being and Essence’, in Selected Writings, McInerny, Ralph (trans.) (London, Penguin Books, 1998) 38Google Scholar.
38 Aristotle, Politics, 1332b4–10.
39 Aquinas, Thomas, ‘On the Teacher’, in Selected Writings, McInerny, Ralph (trans.) (London, Penguin Books, 1998) 199Google Scholar.
40 Hummel, Charles, ‘Aristotle’, Prospects: the quarterly review of comparative education, 1993, vol.23, no.1/2, 3CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
41 Plato, , ‘Republic’, in Complete Works, Cooper, John (ed.) (Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing, 1997) 514aGoogle Scholar.
42 Plato, Republic, 514–518b
43 Plato, Republic, 518c
44 Aristotle, , ‘Nicomachean Ethics’, the Complete Works of Aristotle, vol.2 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984) 1094a1Google Scholar.
45 Haldane, John, ‘Metaphysics in the Philosophy of Education’, in Philosophy of Education: Major Themes in the Analytic Tradition, Hirst, and White, (eds.) (Florence: Routledge,1998) 107Google Scholar.
46 Hummel, , ‘Aristotle’, Prospects: the quarterly review of comparative education, 1993, vol.23, no.1/2, 2CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
47 Aquinas, Thomas, Disputed Questions on Virtue, McInerny, Ralph (trans.) (South Bend: St. Augustine's Press, 1999) 41–42Google Scholar.
48 Wojtyla, Karol, The Acting Person, Potocki, Andrzej (trans.) (Dordrecht: D.Reidel Publishing, 1979) 7, 80, 267, 294–295CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
49 Dall’, GloriaAlba, ‘Learning Professional Ways of Being’, Educational Philosophy and Theory, Vol.41, No.1 2009, 36Google Scholar.
50 Conyers, ‘Vocation and the Liberal Arts’, Modern Age, Spring, 123
51 Conyers, ‘Vocation and the Liberal Arts’, 123
52 Jalbert, John E., ‘Leisure and Liberal Education: a plea for uselessness’, Philosophical Studies in Education, 2009, vol.40, 227–8Google Scholar.
53 Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, 1100b9–10, 1103a14–19. Hummel provides a clear and concise synopsis of Aristotle's argument on the relation between virtue, education, and human identity.
54 John Haldane, ‘Metaphysics in the Philosophy of Education’, 108
55 Aquinas, ‘On Being and Essence’, 34
56 Plato, Republic, 518b; see also: Heidegger, Martin, ‘Plato's Doctrine of Truth’, Sheehan, Thomas (trans.), in Pathmarks, McNeill, William (ed.) (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998) 167CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
57 Haldane, John, ‘The context of education: monastery or marketplace?’, in Pring, Richard (ed.), Philosophy of Education: Aims, Common Sense and Research (London: Continuum, 2005) 65Google Scholar.
58 Gupta, Anoop, ‘Education: From telos to technique?’, Educational Philosophy and Theory, vol.40, no.2, 2008, 275CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
59 Heidegger, Martin, ‘Building, Dwelling, Thinking’, Krell, David Farrell (ed.) in Basic Writings (London: Routledge, 1993) 347–349Google Scholar; Heidegger, Martin, The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays, Lovitt, William (trans.) (New York: Harper & Row, 1977) 34Google Scholar.
60 Hostetler, Karl, ‘(Mis)Understanding Human Beings: Theory, Value, and Progress in Education Research’, Educational Studies, 46, 2010, 401, 409–411,413CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
61 McInerny, Ralph, Aquinas and Analogy (Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 1998)Google Scholar.
- 2
- Cited by