Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-q6k6v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T11:31:23.206Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

From local to global: transformations of Bukharan Jewish community organization in the twentieth century

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Zeev Levin
Zeev Levin*
Affiliation:
Department of Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
*
*Email: levinzv@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article is a review of the development of the Bukharan Jewish community organization. It describes the transformations it has undergone in the twentieth century and examines the changes that Bukharan Jews underwent from demographic, social, and organizational perspectives, and the far-reaching processes that have occurred later in community organizations, particularly in light of the establishment of the World Congress of Bukharan Jewry in 2000. Traditionally, when dealing with Jewish communities the term “diaspora” refers to different Jewish communities scattered away from the “promised land” (Diatlov 1999). Thus, the terminology of: “Jewish immigration” traditionally is considered as their return. In this article, which focuses on Bukharan Jews, I use “diaspora” to describe different Bukharan communities created due to immigration to the land of Israel and to other destinations from the cradle of Central Asia.

Keywords

Bukharan JewsCentral Asiadiasporaimmigrationcommunity organization
Type
Articles
Information
Nationalities Papers , Volume 42 , Issue 2 , March 2014 , pp. 321 - 335
Copyright
Copyright © 2014 Association for the Study of Nationalities 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahunov, Israel. 2004. Interview Conducted on May 10, 2004 in the Offices of the Congress of Bukharan Jews in Ramat Gan.Google Scholar
Almeev, Robert. 1998. Issledovaniia i materiialy po istorii i antropologii bukharskikh yevrev [Studies and Documents on the History and Ethnography of Bukharan Jews]. Bukhara.Google Scholar
Aminov, Shmuel. 2003. “Nekotorye aspekty zhizni i deiatel'nosti bukharskikh evreev v N'iu-Iorke” [Specific Aspects in the Lives and Activities of Bukharan Jews in New York]. In Bukarskie Evrei: Iudaizm, Traditsii, Istoria, Kul'tura Vchera Segodnia Zavtra, edited by I. Priev, G. Galibov, A. Pinkhasov, A. Kohen, V. Bohman, I. Iakubov, and A. Shalamaev, 127-129. Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Amitin-Shapiro, Zalman. 1925. “Zhenshchinna i svadebnyie obriiady u tuzemnih (bukharskih) evreev Turkestana” [The Woman and Wedding Rituals among Bukharan Jews of Turkestan]. Izvestiia Turkestanskogo otdela Ruskogo geograficheskogo obshchestva 17: 189–196.Google Scholar
Amitin-Shapiro, Zalman. 1933. Ocherki sotsialisticheskogo stroitel'stva sredi sredneaziatskikh evreev [Surveys on Socialist Construction among Central Asian Jewry]. Tashkent: Gosizdat UzSSR.Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Bachaev, Mordechai. 1990. betokh sak haeven [Inside the Stone Sack]. Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Balekhaev, Mark. 2003. “habe'aiot hakhiuniot shel hakehila habukharit hayehudit binyu-york” [The Essential Problems of the Bukharan Jewish Community in New York]. In Bukarskie Evrei: Iudaizm, Traditsii, Istoria, Kul'tura Vchera Segodnia Zavtra, edited by I. Priev, G. Galibov, A. Pinkhasov, A. Kohen, V. Bohman, I. Iakubov, and A. Shalamaev, 134-135. Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Ben-David, Beniamin. 1997. yazamim kalkaliim bikerev yehudei bukhara [Economic Entrepreneurs among Bukharan Jews]. Bnei Brak.Google Scholar
Bukharan Jews in USA and Canada, The Russian-English Telephone Directory. 2000. New York: E.P. Technology Corp.Google Scholar
Cooper, Alana. 2012. Bukharan Jews and the Dynamics of Global Judaism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Davidov, Yitshak. 2004. Interview Conducted on January 29, 2004 in the Offices of the Bukharan Jewish Congress in Ramat Gan.Google Scholar
Diatlov, Viktor. 1999. “Diaspora: popytka opredelitsia v poniatiiakh” [Diaspora: An Attempt to Set Definitions]. Diaspory 1: 8–22.Google Scholar
Eisenstadt, S. N. 1954. The Absorption of Immigrants. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
GARF. The State Archive of the Russian Federation. (1924). Fond 7541 Opis’ 1 File 86. A Petition from the Bukharan Jewish Community to the Minorities Committee on the Definition of Bukharan Jews as “Jewish Tajiks”, 2.Google Scholar
Harel, Yaron. 1988. “hanhaga umishtar be'eda habukharit bierets Israel, 1914-1944” [Leadership and Rule in the Bukharan Community in the Land of Israel]. Pe'amim 35: 158–161.Google Scholar
Kaganovich, Albert. 2003. “The Bukharan Jews at the Threshold of the New Millennium.” Central Asia and Caucasus 4: 150–157.Google Scholar
Kaganovich, Albert. 2007. “The Mashhadi Jews (Djedids) in Central Asia.” Anor 14: 1–92.Google Scholar
Kandov, Boris. 2003. “Bukharskie evrei Ameriki i Kanady” [Bukharan Jews in America and Canada]. In Bukarskie Evrei: Iudaizm, Traditsii, Istoria, Kul'tura Vchera Segodnia Zavtra, edited by I. Priev, G. Galibov, A. Pinkhasov, A. Kohen, V. Bohman, I. Iakubov, and A. Shalamaev, 1-2. Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Kashani, Reuven. 1973. yehudei bukhara [Bukharan Jews]. Tel Aviv.Google Scholar
Kedmi, Yaacov. 2011. milkhamot a'vudot [Lost Wars]. Tel Aviv: Matar.Google Scholar
Khafizov, Ya'akov. 2003. “K voprosu o chislenosti bukharskikh evreev” [To the Problem of the Number of Bukharan Jews]. In Bukarskie Evrei: Iudaizm, Traditsii, Istoria, Kul'tura Vchera Segodnia Zavtra, edited by I. Priev, G. Galibov, A. Pinkhasov, A. Kohen, V. Bohman, I. Iakubov, and A. Shalamaev, 215. Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Koplik, Sara. 2008. “The Experiences of Bukharan Jews Outside the Soviet Union in the 1930s and 1940s.” In Bukharan Jews in the 20th Century, edited by Baldauf Moshe Gammer, Ingeborg, and Loy, Thomas, 91–98. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag.Google Scholar
Levaev, Lev. 2004. “Speech at the Opening Session of the Forum Conference of the Fourth Congress.” Tel-Aviv Hilton, December 28, 2004.Google Scholar
Levin, Zeev. 2008a. “ha'itonut hayehudit-bukharit bemerkaz asia 1910-1938” [Bukharan Jewish Newspapers in Central Asia]. Kesher 37 (37): 115–127.Google Scholar
Levin, Zeev. 2008b. “How It All Began: Bukharan Jews and the Soviets in Central Asia, 1917-1932.” In Bukharan Jews in the 20th Century, edited by Baldauf, Ingeborg, Gammer, Moshe, and Loy, Thomas, 23–36. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag.Google Scholar
Mirkov, Lazar. 2004. Interview Conducted on April 23, 2004 in Ramlah.Google Scholar
Pinhasi, Avraham. ed. 2010. Kokhavim le'olam va'ed [Stars Forever]. Tel Aviv.Google Scholar
Pinkhasi, Ya'akov. 1968. The Oral History Division, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Interview No. 42119; 10 (July 1, 1968).Google Scholar
Portes, Alejandro, and Rumbaut, Rubén G. 2005. “The Second Generation and the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 28 (6): 983–998.Google Scholar
Pozailov, Giora. 1995. mibukhara leyerushalaim [From Bukara to Jerusalem]. Jerusalem: Misgav Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Pozailov, Giora. 2008. yahadut bukhara gdolea uminhagea [Bukharan Jewry Its Leaders and Customs]. Jerusalem: Ministry of Education.Google Scholar
Rabich, Roman. 1995. “Predprinematel'naia deiatel'nost bukharskikh evreev v dorevoliutsionnom Turkestane” [Entrepreneurship Activities of Bukharan Jews in Pre-Revolutionary Turkestan]. In Evrei v Srednei Azii Proshloe i nastoiashchee, edited by Dvorkin, Iliya, 92–110. St. Petersburg: Jewish University.Google Scholar
Rabin, HaCohen Yehuda. 1989. zarakh kokav miya'akov [Jacob's Shining Star]. Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Ro'i, Yaacov. 2003. “The Religious Life of the Bukharan Jewish Community in Soviet Central Asia after World War II.” Jews in Russia and Eastern Europe 2 (51): 31–55.Google Scholar
Ron, Shoshana. 2004. Interview Conducted on May 3, 2004 in the Bukharan Alliance office in Tel Aviv.Google Scholar
Semandrova, Zinaida. 2003. “Ob integratsii bukharskih evreev Avstrii” [Bukharan Jewish Integration in Austria]. In Bukarskie Evrei: Iudaizm, Traditsii, Istoria, Kul'tura Vchera Segodnia Zavtra, edited by I. Priev, G. Galibov, A. Pinkhasov, A. Kohen, V. Bohman, I. Iakubov, and A. Shalamaev, 113-115. Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Shamai, Shmuel, and Ilatov, Zinaida. 2005. “Assimilation and Ethnic Boundaries: Israeli Students’ Attitudes Toward Soviet Immigrants.” Adolescence 159: 682–693.Google Scholar
Shim'on, Zehava. 2004. Interview Conducted on March 28, 2004 in the Immigrant Absorption Center in Kfar–Saba.Google Scholar
UzRMDA (The Central State Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan). 1926. Fond 86 Opis’ 1 File 3659. Government Review Committee Report of Samarqand, 173.Google Scholar
World Congress of Bukharan Jews. (2000). A Position Paper Signed on November 26, 2000.Google Scholar
Ya'ari, Avraham. 1941. sifrei yehudei bukhara [Books of Bukharan Jewry]. Jerusalem: Kiryat Sefer.Google Scholar
Yehoshua, Benzion D. 1996. ok-yul – derekh levana: masa bemerkaz asia [Oq-Yul-A White Road: A Journey to Central-Asia]. Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defence Press.Google Scholar
Yeroushalmi, David, ed. 2013. Threads of Silk – The Story of Bukharan Jewry. Tel Aviv: Beit Hatfutsot Museum.Google Scholar
Yerushevski, David. 1988. “‘al ma'amadam hamishpati shel yehudei merkaz asia” [On the Legal Status of Central Asian Jewry]. Pe'amim 35: 84–97.Google Scholar
Zakai, Yekhezkel. 2003. miaz ve'ad hayiom, hafederatsia ha'olamit shel hakehilot hasfaradiot [From Then until Now, The World Federation of the Sephardi Community]. Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Zaltsman, Rabbi Hilel. 2013. samarkand [Samarqand]. Tel Aviv: Yahad.Google Scholar
Zand, Mikhael. 1988. “yehadut bukhara ukibush asia hatikhona biyadei harusim” [Bukharan Jewry and the Russian Occupation of Central Asia]. Pe'amim 35: 47–79.Google Scholar