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Structural Changes of Bimetallic PdX/Cu (1-X) Nanocatalysts Developed for Nitrate Reduction of Drinking Water

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2011

Huiping Xu ,
Ray Twesten ,
Kathryn Guy ,
John Shapley ,
Charles Werth ,
Anatoly Frenkel ,
Duane Johnson  and
Judith Yang
Huiping Xu
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261. R.J. Lee Group, Inc., Monroeville, PA 15146
Ray Twesten
Affiliation:
Center for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.
Kathryn Guy
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.
John Shapley
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.
Charles Werth
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 618015.
Anatoly Frenkel
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10016.
Duane Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 618014.
Judith Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.
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Abstract

Reductive removal by hydrogeneration using supported Pd/M (M= Cu, Pt, Ag, Co, Fe, Mo, Ni, Rh, Ir, Mn and Cr) bimetallic catalysts has emerged as a promising alternative for nitrate removal in drinking water [1]. Fundamental understanding how the atomic arrangement of Pd and a second element, such as Cu, affect the activity nitrite reduction and selectivity of dinitrogen will be accomplished by coordinated synthesis (Shapley), activity/selectivity/efficiency measurements (Werth) and nanostructure determination (Yang & Xu). In this paper, we report a systematic study of novel polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized nanoscale Pd-Cu colloids, with homogeneous and narrow size distribution, with Pd: Cu ratios varying from 50:50 to 90:10. Initial measurements on catalytic activity for nitrate reduction demonstrated a dependence on the relative composition. Electron microscopy studies, including Z-contrast imaging [2], energy-dispersive X-ray emission (EDX), electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), revealed a surprising change in structure at the 80:20 Pd-Cu composition, where, with less than 80% Pd,the nanoparticle forms a core-shell structure but for nanoparticles containing 80% or more Pd, it is homogeneous. We are at the pivotal point of directly correlating these nano-structures with the catalytic activity. Such an understanding is essential for the efficient development of catalysts for the purification of drinking water.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 876: Symposium A – Nanoporous and Nanostructured Materials for Catalysis, Sensor and Gas Separation Applications , 2005 , R4.8
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2005

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