Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-7drxs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-19T22:22:10.176Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Plasma Assisted Microwave Sintering and Joining of Ceramics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2011

M. Samandi  and
M. Doroudian
M. Samandi
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
M. Doroudian
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
Get access

Abstract

Direct microwave sintering and joining of low temperature ceramics such as mullite have been extensively studied. However, it is recognised that microwave sintering and joining of high temperature oxide and non-oxide ceramics poses serious problems, primarily because of the difficulty of coupling microwave energy into these non-absorbing materials which make up the bulk of advanced ceramics. Attempts to overcome this problem by using indirect auxiliary heating or utilisation of intermediary or impure materials have been, by and large, unsatisfactory. Indeed, this fundamental physical barrier has seriously impaired the penetration of microwave heating in ceramic processing.

In order to overcome this seemingly insurmountable fundamental barrier, a radical approach is required. This has been recently achieved by using a Microwave Induced Plasma (MIP) whereby microwave energy is utilised in a hybrid fashion. In this method, a microwave plasma is used to rapidly heat the ceramic to temperatures at which it becomes absorbing. At this point, microwave radiation is directly coupled to the ceramic and the plasma is extinguished since energy is no longer available to ionise the gas and sustain a plasma. This hybrid approach circumvents the limitations of conventional microwave heating for sintering and joining of advanced materials. In this review paper the fundamentals of microwave/materials interaction and conventional approach to microwave heating of ceramics will be thoroughly discussed. In addition, the new hybrid heating developed by the authors will be described and the possibility of MIP-assisted sintering/joining of industrially important materials will be demonstrated.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 347: Symposium O – Microwave Processing of Materials IV , 1994 , 605
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Sutton, W.H., “Microwave Processing of Materials” Am. Cer. Soc. Bull. 68 (2) 376–386 (1989).Google Scholar
2. Janney, M. A. and Kimrey, H.D., “Microwave Sintering of Alumina at 28 GHz”, Ceramic Powder Science II. Messing, G.L., Fuller, E.R. Jr, and Hauser, H., eds., Am. Cer. Soc. Inc. Westerville. OH (1988).Google Scholar
3. Meek, T.T. and Blake, R.D., J. matl. Sci. Letts., 5, 270–74 (1986)Google Scholar
4. Clark, D.E., “Microwave Processing: Present status and Future Promise”, Ceramic Engineering and science proceedings, 19, 1814–24, (1993).Google Scholar
5. Sheppard, L.M., “Manufacturing of ceramics with Microwaves”, Am. Cer. Soc. Bull. 67 (10, 1656–61, (1988).Google Scholar
6. Ahmad, I., Chandler, G.T. and Clark, D.E. “Processing of Superconducting Ceramics using Microwave Energy”, in Microwave Processing of Materials, eds Sutton, W.H., Brooks, M. H. and Chabinsky, I.J., Mat. Res. Soc. symp. Proc, 124. 239–46, (1988).Google Scholar
7. Binner, J.G.P., British ceramic Proceedings 45 Fabrication Technology. Edited by Daridge, R. and Thompson, D.P.., Inst. of Ceramics, Shelton, (1990).Google Scholar
8. Patii, D.S. and Mutsuddy, B.C. “Microwave Sintering of Alumina Ceramics in a Single Mode Applicator”, in Microwave Processing of Materials, eds Sutton, W.H., Brooks, M. H. and Chabinsky, I.J., Mat. Res. Soc. symp. Proc, 124, 301–309, (1988).Google Scholar
9. De, A.S., Ahmad, I., Whitnery, E.D. and Clark, D.E., Ceram. Engg. and Sci. Proc, II 9–10, 1743–53, (1990).Google Scholar
10. Holcombe, C.E. and Dykes, N.L., “Importance of casketing for Microwave Sintering of Materials”, J. Matl. Sci. Letts., Vol. 9, 425–428, (1990).Google Scholar
11. Walters, D.G., Brodwin, M.E. and Kriegsman, G.A., “Dynamic temperature profiles for a uniformly illuminated planar surface”, Mat. Res. Soc. Symop. Proc. Vol. 124. Eds Sutton, W.H., Brooks, M.H. - 129, (1988).Google Scholar
12. Metaxas, A.C. and Meredith, R., “Industrial Microwave Heating” Peter Peregrinus, (1983).Google Scholar
13. Bennett, C.E.G., McKinnon, N.A., “Sintering in gas Discharges” Nature, 217, 1287– 88, (1968).Google Scholar
14. Bennett, C.E.G., McKinnon, N.A. “Glow Discharge Sintering of Alumina”, in Kinetics of Reactions in Ionic systems: edited by Gray, T.J. and Frechette, V.D., Plenum Press, New York,; pp 408–412, (1969).Google Scholar
15. Kim, J. S. and Johnson, D. L., Am. Cer: Bull. Vol. 62. No. 5 (1983)Google Scholar
16. Cordone, L.G. and Martinsen, W.E., “Glow Discharge Apparatus for rapid sintering of Alumina”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 55 (7) 380, (1972).Google Scholar
17. Thomas, G., Freim, J. and Martinsen, W.E., “Rapid Sintering of U02 in a Glow Discharge” Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 17, 177, (1973).Google Scholar
18. Johnson, D.L. and Rizzio, R.R., “Plasma sintering of β″ - Alumina,” Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 52, (4) pp 467–72, 1980.Google Scholar
19. Tian, Y. L., Brodwin, M. E., Dewan, H. S. and Johnson, D. L., “Microwave Sintering of Ceramics Under High Gas Pressure”, Mat. Res. Soc. Symop. Proc Vol. 124. Eds Sutton, W.H., Brooks, M.H., 213–218, (1988).Google Scholar
20. Salsman, J. B. and Holdenfield, S. P., “A Unique application of A Microwave Induced Plasma For Materials Synthesis”, Mat. Res. Soc Symop. Proc. Vol. 124. Eds Sutton, W.H., Brooks, M.H., 20–25, (1988).Google Scholar
21. Asmussen, J., Lin, H.H., Manring, B. and Fritz, R., “Single mode or controlled multimode microwave cavity applicator for precision materials processing”, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 58 (8): 1477–1486, (1987).Google Scholar
22. Meek, T.T. and Blake, R.D., “Ceramic-Glass-Metal Seal by Microwave Heating”, U.S. Patent No. 4529 856, July 16, (1985)Google Scholar
23. Palaith, D. and Silberglitt, R. “Microwave Joining of Ceramics” Ceramic Bulletin, Vol. 68, No. 9, (1989).Google Scholar
24. Bertaud, A.J. and Badot, J. C., “High temperature Heading in Refractory Materials”, J. Microwave Power, II [43], 315–320, (1976).Google Scholar
25. Fukushima, H. “Microwave heating of ceramics and its application to joining”, Mat. Res. Soc. Symop. Proc Vol. 124. Eds Sutton, W.H., Brooks, M.H., 267–72, (1988).Google Scholar