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Piezoelectric polymers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Siegfried Bauer ,
Simona Bauer-Gogonea ,
Mario Dansachmüller ,
Gilles Dennler ,
Ingrid Graz ,
Martin Kaltenbrunner ,
Christoph Keplinger ,
Howard Reiss ,
Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci  and
Thokchom Birendra Singh
...Show all authors
Siegfried Bauer
Affiliation:
sbauer@jku.at, Johannes Kepler University, Soft Matter Physics, Altenberger Str. 69, Linz, N/A, A-4040, Austria, 004373224689241, 004373224689273
Simona Bauer-Gogonea
Affiliation:
sbauer@jku.at
Mario Dansachmüller
Affiliation:
mario.dansachmueller@gmx.at
Gilles Dennler
Affiliation:
gilles.dennler@jku.at
Ingrid Graz
Affiliation:
ingrid.graz@jku.at
Martin Kaltenbrunner
Affiliation:
martin.kaltenbrunner@jku.at
Christoph Keplinger
Affiliation:
christoph.keplinger@jku.at
Howard Reiss
Affiliation:
reiss@chem.ucla.edu
Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
Affiliation:
Serdar.Sariciftci@jku.at
Thokchom Birendra Singh
Affiliation:
Birendra.Singh@jku.at
Reinhard Schwödiauer
Affiliation:
reinhard.schwoediauer@jku.at
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Abstract

The science and technology of piezoelectric polymers has long been dominated by ferroelectric polymers from the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) family. The piezoelectricity in this polymer class arises from the strong molecular dipoles within the polymer chain and from the resulting change of the dipole density upon application of a mechanical stimulus. Ferroelectric polymers show moderate piezoelectric coefficients (d33 and d31,32 around 20-30 pC/N) in comparison to ceramic piezoelectrics, with an acoustic impedance comparable to that of water. The thermal stability of the piezoelectric effect is limited to below 100°C, though stability up to 125°C has recently been announced. Applications of ferroelectric polymers emerged in many niches. A good example of a success story for PVDF applications are clamp-on transducers used as pressure sensor for Diesel injection lines, with selling numbers over 50 million pieces per year. A relatively new development are relaxor ferroelectric polymers, based on electron-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride) trifluoroethylene copolymers or on terpolymers of vinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene and chlorofluoroethylene. Relaxor ferroelectric copolymers exhibit strong electrostriction and thus large piezoelectric coefficients, when used under electric dc-bias fields. Internally charged cellular polymer foam electrets (ferroelectrets) resemble close similarities to ferroelectrics. They display large intrinsic piezoelectric d33-coefficients well above 100 pC/N and very small d31 and d32 coefficients, coupled with a limited thermal stability up to 50°C in the polypropylene workhorse material. The materials are pioneered in Finland and already entered the market in niches, for example in musical pick-ups. They promise large area applications, for example in surveillance and intruder systems. Finally, organic semiconductors have shown a rather unusual electromechanical response, governed by a power law S=V3/2 of strain S versus voltage V, located in between traditional piezoelectricity and electrostriction. The field of piezoelectric polymers therefore received new stimulus, and the material class of piezoelectric polymers has been significantly broadened recently.

Keywords

ferroelectricitypiezoelectricpolymer
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 889: Symposium W – Electroresponsive Polymers and Their Applications , 2005 , 0889-W01-02
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2006

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