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Autobiography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2011

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I was born and reared on a family farm in northwest Illinois and obtained my elementary education in a single-teacher village school. Apparently I had a mild case of dyslexia, for I was virtually unable to read until I had been in school for more than two years. Then, through the valiant tutelage of my mother, who had been a school teacher, I suddenly became able to read and ever afterward did so, well and extensively. Our farming community was not included in any secondary school district, and my parents managed to have me admitted to Kewanee High School which, at the time, was considered to be the most outstanding school, academically, in the area. There, indeed, I received an excellent education from an outstanding group of teachers. I was especially inspired by the Misses Minnie Trask and Wildred Ewan, who posed demanding intellectual challenges and encouraged imaginative but rigorous modes of thought. It seemed that I learned most from having to solve difficult problems and rather little from classroom exposition, however excellent it was. Because of this, the emphasis of my own teaching has been on the posing of meaningful and challenging problems. In this, I have tried to follow the dictum, attributed to Galileo, “you can't teach a person anything, you can only help them to find it within themself”.

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Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1987

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References

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Akutagawa, W., Turnbull, D., Chu, W. K. and Mayer, J. W., “Channeling and Electrical Investigations of Au Doped CdTe,” Solid State Communcations, 15: 19191922, 1974.Google Scholar
Warburton, W. K. and Turnbull, D., “‘Fast’ Diffusion in Alloys,” Thin Solid Films, 25: 7176, 1975.Google Scholar
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Bahk, S., Ashby, M. F., Bevk, J. and Turnbull, D., “Effect of BeO Inclusions on the Rate of Sintering of Cu Wires,” Sintering and Catalysis ed. Kuczynski, G. C., pp. 269278, New York: Plenum Publishing Corp., 1976.Google Scholar
Cohen, B. M., Turnbull, D. and Warburton, W. K., “Multiple Point-Defect Formation in Pb(Au) Alloys: Observation by Solute Resistivity Measurements,” Physical Review B, 16 (6): 24912503, September 1977.Google Scholar
Cohen, B. M. and Turnbull, D., “Kinetics of Precipitation of Ag from Pb(Ag) Alloys,” Acta Metallurgica, 26: 113116, 1978.Google Scholar
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Hu, C. K., Berko, S., Gruzalski, G. R. and Turnbull, D., “Evidence for Microporosity and Dislocations in Pb(Cd) Alloys from Positron Annihilation Studies,” Solid State Communications, 31: 6568, 1979.Google Scholar
Yavari, A. R. and Turnbull, D., “Dependence of Yield Strength of Pb Single Crystals at 77K on Au Concentration,” Scripta Metallurgica, 14: 8387, 1980.Google Scholar
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Rosenblum, M. P., Spaepen, F. and Turnbull, D., “Diffusion and Structural Relaxation in Compositionally Modulated Amorphous Metal Films,” Applied Physics Letters, 37 (2): 184186, July 1980.Google Scholar
Ashby, M. F., Bahk, S., Bevk, J. and Turnbull, D., “The Influence of a Dispersion of Particles on the Sintering of Metal Powders and Wires,” Progress in Materials Science, 25: 134, 1980.Google Scholar
Yavari, A. R. and Turnbull, D., “Effect of Compositon and Thermal Treatment on the Yield Stress and Resisitivity of Pb(Au) Alloys,” Acta Metallurgica, 30: 11711176, 1982.Google Scholar
Butrymowicz, D. B., Newbury, D. E., Turnbull, D. and Cahn, J. W., “Diffusion-Induced Grain Boundary Migration in the Au-Ag System,” Scripta Metallurgica, 18: 10051010, 1984.Google Scholar
Nygren, E., Aziz, M. J., Turnbull, D., Poate, J. M., Jacobson, D. C. and Hull, R., “Pressure Dependence of Arsenic Diffusivity in Silicon,” Applied Physics Letters, 47 (2): 105107, 15 July 1985.Google Scholar
Aziz, M. J., Nygren, E., Christie, W. H., White, C. W. and Turnbull, D., “Effect of Pressure on Self Diffusion in Crystalline Silicon,” Materials Research Symposium Proceedings 36: 101104, 1985.Google Scholar
Turkalo, A. M. and Turnbull, D., “Some Observations on the Rate of Secondary Recrystallization in High Purity Copper,” Journal of Metals, Transactions Section, 185: 663664, September 1949.Google Scholar
Fisher, J. C., Hollomon, J. H. and Turnbull, D., “Kinetics of the Austenite-Martensite Transformation,” Journal of Metals Transactions Section, 185: 691700, October 1949.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D., “Principles of Solidification,” Thermodynamics in Physical Metallurgy, Cleveland: American Society for Metals, pp. 282306, February 1950.Google Scholar
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Fisher, J. C. and Turnbull, D., “Influence of Stress on Martensite Nucleation,” Acta Metallurgica, 1: 310314, May 1953.Google Scholar
Fisher, J. C. and Turnbull, D., “Calculation of Martensite Nucleus Energy Using the Reaction-Path Model,” Journal of Metals, 5: 12, July 1953.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D., “The Kinetics of Precipitation of Barium Sulfate from Aqueous Solution,” Acta Metallurgica, 1:684–591, November 1953.Google Scholar
Cech, R. E. and Turnbull, D., “Magnetic Transformation of Iron in Copper Matrix at Low Temperatures,” Journal of Metals, Transactions AIME, pp. 4546, January 1954.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D. and Treaftis, H. N., “Kinetics of Precipitation of Tin from Lead-Tin Solid Solutions,” Acta Metallurgica, 3 (1): 4354, January 1955.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D., “Theory of Cellular Precipitation,” Acta Metallurgica, 3 (1): 5563, January 1955.Google Scholar
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Cech, R. E. and Turnbull, D., “Heterogeneous Nucleation of the Martensite Transformation,” Journal of Metals, pp. 19, February 1956.Google Scholar
Hillig, W. B. and Turnbull, D., “Theory of Crystal Growth in Undercooled Pure Liquids,” Journal of Chemical Physics, 24 (4): 914, April 1956.Google Scholar
DeSorbo, W. and Turnbull, D., “Kinetics of Precipitation in Small Lead-Tin Spheres,” Acta Metallurgica, 4: 495509, September 1956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Turnbull, D., “Possible Role of Inclusions in the Formation of Crystal Reorientation Nuclei,” Acta Metallurgica, 5: 502–506, September 1957.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D. and Treaftis, H. N., “On the Rate of Formation of Guinier-Preston Zones in Al-Ag Alloys,” Acta Metallurgica, 5 (9): 534536, 1957.Google Scholar
May, J. E. and Turnbull, D., “Secondary Recrystallization in Silicon Iron,” Transactions of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, 212: 769781, December 1958.Google Scholar
DeSorbo, W., Treaftis, H. N. and Turnbull, D., “Rate of Clustering in Al-Cu Alloys at Low Temperatures,” Acta Metallurgica, 6: 401413, June 1958.Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, H. S. and Turnbull, D., “On the Precipitation of Silicon Out of a Supersaturated Aluminum-Silicon Solid Solution,” Acta Metallurgica, 6: 653659, October 1958.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D. and Treaftis, H. N., “Micrographic Investigation of Precipitation in Pb-Sn Alloys,” Transactions of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, 212: 3339, February 1958.Google Scholar
Cech, R. E. and Turnbull, D., “Shock-Induced Martensitic Transformation,” Transactions of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, 212: 395397, June 1958.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D., “‘International Conferences on Crystal Growth’ – A Review Article,” Physics Today, 12 (1): 1620, January 1959.Google Scholar
May, J. E. and Turnbull, D., “Effect of Impurities on the Temperature Dependence of the (110) [001] Texture in Silicon-Iron,” Journal of Applied Physics Supplement, 30 (4): 210S212S, April 1959.Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, H. S. and Turnbull, D., “Metallographic Investigation of Precipitation of Silicon from Aluminum,” Acta Metallurgica, 7: 664674, October 1959.Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, H. S., Turnbull, D. and Alessandrini, E., “On the Orientation of Silicon Precipitating from an Al-Rich Solid Solution,” Acta Metallurgica, 7(10): 678679, 1959.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, G. and Turnbull, D., “Surface Structure and Chemical Interaction,” Physical Metallurgy of Stress Corrosion Fracture, ed. Rhodin, T. N., pp. 4748, New York: Interscience Publishers, 1959.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D., Rosenbaum, H. S. and Treaftis, H. N., “Kinetics of Clustering in Some Aluminum Alloys,” Acta Metallurgica, 8: 277295, May 1960.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D. and Cormia, R. L., “Kinetics of Later Stages of Clustering in Al-Cu Alloy,” Acta Metallurgica, 8: 747750, November 1960.Google Scholar
Ainslie, N. G., Phillips, V. A. and Turnbull, D., “Sulfur Segregation at Iron Grain Boundaries – II,” Acta Metallurgica, 8: 528538, August 1960.Google Scholar
Ainslie, N. G., MacKenzie, J. E. and Turnbull, D., “Melting Kinetics of Quartz and Cristobalite,” Journal of Physical Chemistry, 65: 17181724, October 1961.Google Scholar
Ainslie, N. G., Morelock, C. R. and Turnbull, D., “Devitrification Kinetics of Fused Silica,” Symposium on Nucleation and Crystallization in Glasses and Melts, ed. Reser, M. K., Smith, G. and Insley, H., American Ceramic Society, pp. 97107, 1962.Google Scholar
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Cormia, R. L., MacKenzie, J. D. and Turnbull, D., “Kinetics of Melting and Crystallization of Phosphorus Pentoxide,” Journal of Applied Physics, 34 (8): 2239–2244, August 1963.Google Scholar
Servi, I. S. and Turnbull, D., “Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Precipitation in the Copper-Cobalt System,” Acta Metallurgica, 14: 161–169, February 1966.Google Scholar
Uhlmann, D. R., Hays, J. F. and Turnbull, D., “The Effect of High Pressure on Crystallization Kinetics with Special Reference to Fused Silica,” Physics and Chemistry of Glasses 7 (5): 159168, October 1966.Google Scholar
Tu, K. N. and Turnbull, D., “Morphology of Cellular Precipitation of Tin from Lead-Tin Bicrystals,” Acta Metallurgica, 15: 369376, February 1967.Google Scholar
Uhlmann, D. R., Hays, J. F. and Turnbull, D., “The Effect of High Pressure on B2O3: Crystallizaton, Densification and the Crystallization Anomaly,” Physics and Chemistry of Glasses 8 (1): 1–10, February 1967.Google Scholar
Tu, K. N. and Turnbull, D., “Morphology of Cellular Precipitation of Tin from Lead-Tin Bicrystals – II,” Acta Metallurgica, 15: 1317–1323, August 1967.Google Scholar
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Tu, K. N. and Turnbull, D. Nucleation in Solids: (A) Brief Survey; (B) Cellular Precipitation,” Mechanism of Phase Transformations in Crystalline Solids, pp. 3236, Institute of Metals Monograph, 33, London, 1969.Google Scholar
Tu, K. N. and Turnbull, D., “Morphology of Structure of Tin Lamellae Formed by Cellular Precipitation,” Acta Metallurgica, 17: 1263–1279, October 1969.Google Scholar
Tu, K. N. and Turnbull, D., “Direct Observation of Twinning in Tin Lamellae,” Acta Metallurgica, 18: 915929, August 1970.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D. and Tu, K. N., “The Cellular and Pearlitic Reactions,” Phase Transformations, pp.487495, Metals Park, Ohio: American Society for Metals, 1970.Google Scholar
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Rossolimo, A. N. and Turnbull, D., “Kinetics and Morphology of Precipitation of AuPb3 from Pb(Au) Solid Solution,” Acta Metallurgica, 21: 2134, January 1973.Google Scholar
Kim, K. S. and Turnbull, D., “Crystallization of Amorphous Selenium Films: I. Morphology and Kinetics,” Journal of Applied Physics, 44 (12): 52375244, December 1973.Google Scholar
Kim, K. S. and Turnbull, D., “Crystallization of Amorphous Selenium Films: II. Photo and Impurity Effects,” Journal of Applied Physics, 45 (8): 34473452, August 1974.Google Scholar
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Spaepen, F. and Turnbull, D., “Kinetics of Motion of Crystal-Melt Interfaces,” Laser Solid Interactions and Laser Processing, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings #50, 1978, eds. Ferris, S. D., Leamy, H. J., Poate, J. M., p. 73, New York: American Institute of Physics, 1979.Google Scholar
Fratello, V. J., Hays, J. F. and Turnbull, D., “Crystallization Kinetics of SiO2 at High Pressures,” High Pressure Science and Technology, Vol. 1, ed. Timmerhaus, K. D. and Barber, M. S., pp. 977980 New York: Plenum Publishing Corp., 1979.Google Scholar
Fratello, V. J., Hays, J. F. and Turnbull, D., “Dependence of Growth Rate of Quartz in Fused Silica on pressure and Impurity Content,” Journal of Applied Physics, 51 (9): 47184728, September 1980.Google Scholar
Fratello, V. J., Hays, J. F., Spaepen, F. and Turnbull, D., “The Mechanism of Growth of Quartz Crystals Into Fused Silica,” Journal of Applied Physics, 51 (12): 61606164, December 1980.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D., “Comments on ‘The Mechanisms of Laser Annealing’,” Proceedings of Europhysics Study Conference on Laser Annealing in Solids, Mons, Belgium, 1979, Journal de Physique, 41: C4.109–C4.110, May 1980.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D., “Citation Classic,” Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences, 12 (36): 28, September 1981. [On “Theory of Cellular Precipitation,” Acta Metallurgica, 3: 55–63, January 1955.]Google Scholar
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Turnbull, D., “On the Melting of Amorphous Ge and Si,” Metastable Materials Formation by Ion Implantation, Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings, Vol 7, ed. Picraux, S. T. and Choyke, W. J., pp. 103108, Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc., 1982.Google Scholar
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Turnbull, D., “Thermodynamics of Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Crystallization of Ge and Si,” Journal de Physique, Supplement to No. 10, 43, C1.259–C1.269, October 1982.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D., “Metastable Solid Phases,” McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology, pp. 310312, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1982/1983.Google Scholar
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Donovan, E. P., Spaepen, F., Turnbull, D., Poate, J. M. and Jacobson, D. C., “Heat of Crystallization and Melting Point of Amorphous Silicon,” Applied Physics Letters, 42 (8): 698700, April 1983.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D., “Survey of the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Crystallization of Si and Ge,” Laser-Solid Interactions and Transient Thermal Processing of Materials, Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings, Vol.13, ed. by Narayan, J., Brown, W. L., and Lemons, R. A., New York: Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., 1983, pp. 131134.Google Scholar
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Donovan, E. P., Spaepen, F., Turnbull, D., Poate, J. M., and Jacobson, D. C., “Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Crystallization of Amorphous Si and Ge Produced by Ion Implantation,” Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings, Vol. 27, ed. Hubler, G. K., Holland, O. W., Clayton, C. R., and White, C. W., pp. 211216, North-Holland Publishing Company, 1984.Google Scholar
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Aziz, M. J., Nygren, E., Hays, J. F. and Turnbull, D., “Crystal Growth Kinetics of Boron Oxide Under Pressure,” Journal of Applied Physics, 56 (6): 22332242, 15 March 1985.Google Scholar
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Nygren, E., Aziz, M. J., Turnbull, D., Poate, J. M., Jacobson, D. C. and Hull, R., “The Effect of Pressure on the Solid Phase Epitaxial Regrowth Rate of Si,” Applied Physics Letters, 47 (3): 232233, 1 August 1985.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D., “Dependence of Crystallization Rate on Amorphous Structure,” Proceedings of the International Conference on the Theory of the Structures of Non-Crystalline Solids, Institute for Amorphous Studies, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, June 3–6, 1985, North-Holland Publishing Co. Google Scholar
Clemente, G., Habbal, F., Turnbull, D., Bevk, J., “High-Magnetic Field Transport Properties of Liquid Quenched Nb3A1 and Nb3AI(Si,Ge) Superconducting Compounds,” Applied Physics Letters, 47 (6): 640642, 15 September 1985.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D. and Phipps, T. E., “Evidence of a Periodic Deviation from the Schottky Line – II,” Physical Review, 56: 663667, October 1939.Google Scholar
Maron, S. H. and Turnbull, D., “Activity Coefficients of Gases: Calculation from the Beattie-Bridgeman Equation of State,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 33 (1): 6972, January 1941.Google Scholar
Maron, S. H. and Turnbull, D., “Generalized Equation for Activity Coefficients of Gases,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 33 (2): 246248, February 1941.Google Scholar
Maron, S. H. and Turnbull, D., “Calculating Beattie-Bridgeman Constants from Critical Data,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 33 (3): 408410, March 1941.Google Scholar
Maron, S. H. and Turnbull, D., “Thermodynamic Properties of Nitrogen at High Pressures as Analytic Functions of Temperature and Pressure,” Journal of American Chemical Society, 64: 4447, January 1942.Google Scholar
Maron, S. H. and Turnbull, D., “Generalized Thermodynamic Properties of Gases at High Pressures,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 34 (5): 544551, May 1942.Google Scholar
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Turnbull, D. and Maron, S. H., “The Ionization Constants of Aci and Nitro Forms of Some Nitroparaffins,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 65: 212218, February 1943.Google Scholar
Prutton, C. F., Frey, D. R., Turnbull, D., and Dlouhy, G., “Corrosion of Metals by Organic Acids in Hydrocarbon Solvents,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 37 (1): 90100, January 1945.Google Scholar
Lukes, J. J., Prutton, C. F. and Turnbull, D., “Equilibrium Between Solid Ferrous Chloride and Gaseous Hydrogen Sulfide at Intermediate Temperatures,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 67: 697700, May 1945.Google Scholar
Prutton, C. F., Turnbull, D. and Frey, D. R., “Corrosion of Lead by Oxidizing Agents and Lauric Acid in Hydrocarbon Solvents,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 37: 917924, October 1945.Google Scholar
Prutton, C. F., Turnbull, D. and Dlouhy, G., “Reaction Rate of Hydrogen Chloride and Sulfide with Steel,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 37 (11): 10921097, November 1945.Google Scholar
Prutton, C. F., Turnbull, D. and Dlouhy, G., “Mechanism of Action of Organic Chlorine and Suphur Compounds in Extreme-Pressure Lubrication,” Journal of the Institue of Petroleum, 32 (266): 90118, February 1946.Google Scholar
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Hartman, P. F., Sellers, H. G. and Turnbull, D., “Effect of Temperature and Solvent Upon the Fate of Carboxyl Groups in the Decomposition of Benzoyl Peroxide,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 69: 24162419, October 1947.Google Scholar
Turnbull, D. and Frey, D. R., “Rate of Corrosion of Lead by Hydrocarbon Solutions of Organic Acids,” Journal of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, 51 (3): 681704, May 1947.Google Scholar
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Maron, S. H., Turnbull, D. and Elder, M. E., “The Electrophoretic Mobility of Type II GR-S Latex,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 70: 582587, February 1948.Google Scholar
Fullman, R. L. and Turnbull, D., “Physical Metallurgists” or “Review of Physical Metallurgy,” Journal of Metals, 1, March 1949.Google Scholar
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Turnbull, D., “A Commentary on the Emergence and Evolution of ‘Materials Science’,” Annual Review of Materials Science, 13: 17, 1983.Google Scholar