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Analytical methods for detection of Zika virus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 March 2017

Kai-Hung Yang  and
Roger J. Narayan
Kai-Hung Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Material Science Engineering, North Carolina State University, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
Roger J. Narayan*
Affiliation:
Department of Material Science Engineering, North Carolina State University, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Box 7115, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
*
Address all correspondence to Roger J. Narayan at roger_narayan@unc.edu
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Abstract

Due to the recent outbreak of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in several regions, rapid, and accurate methods to diagnose Zika infection are in demand, particularly in regions that are on the frontline of a ZIKV outbreak. In this paper, three diagnostic methods for ZIKV are considered. Viral isolation is the gold standard for detection; this approach can involve incubation of cell cultures. Serological identification is based on the interactions between viral antigens and immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin M antibodies; cross-reactivity with other types of flaviviruses can cause reduced specificity with this approach. Molecular confirmation, such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), involves reverse transcription of RNA and amplification of DNA. Quantitative analysis based on real-time RT–PCR can be undertaken by comparing fluorescence measurements against previously developed standards. A recently developed programmable paper-based detection approach can provide low-cost and rapid analysis. These viral identification and viral genetic analysis approaches play crucial roles in understanding the transmission of ZIKV.

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Prospective Articles
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MRS Communications , Volume 7 , Issue 2 , June 2017 , pp. 121 - 130
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Copyright © Materials Research Society 2017 

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