Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pjpqr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-02T01:27:29.641Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Transparent Conducting Oxides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2011

David S. Ginley  and
Clark Bright
Get access

Extract

In the interim between the conception of this issue of MRS Bulletin on transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) and its publication, the remarkable applications dependent on these materials have continued to make sweeping strides. These include the advent of larger flat-screen high-definition televisions (HDTVs), larger and higher-resolution screens on portable computers, the increasing importance of low emissivity (“low-e”) and electrochromic windows, a significant increase in the manufacturing of thin-film photovoltaics (PV), and a plethora of new hand-held and smart devices, all with smart displays.1-7 Coupled with the increased importance of TCO materials to these application technologies has been a renaissance over the last two years in the science of these materials. This has included new n-type materials, the synthesis of true p-type materials, and the theoretical prediction and subsequent confirmation of the applicability of codoping to produce p-type ZnO. Considering that over the last 20 years much of the work on TCOs was empirical and focused on ZnO and variants of InxSn1-xO2, it is quite remarkable how this field has exploded. This may be a function of not only the need to achieve higher performance levels for these devices, but also of the increasing importance of transition-metal-based oxides in electro-optical devices. This issue of MRS Bulletin is thus well timed to provide an overview of this rapidly expanding area. Included are articles that cover the industrial perspective, new n-type materials, new p-type materials, novel deposition methods, and approaches to developing both an improved basic understanding of the materials themselves as well as models capable of predicting performance limits.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 25 , Issue 8: Transparent Conducting Oxides , August 2000 , pp. 15 - 18
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Chopra, K.L., Major, S., and Pandya, D.K., Thin Solid Films 102 (1) (1983) p. 1.Google Scholar
2.Eguchi, T., Ochikoshi, S., and Nanao, T., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (1986) p. 9.Google Scholar
3.Granqvist, C.G., Azens, A., Hjelm, A., Kullman, L., Niklasson, G.A., Ronnow, D., Mattsson, M. Stromme, Veszelei, M., and Vaivars, G., Sol. Energy 63 (4) (1998) p. 199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Kammler, D.R., Edwards, D.D., Ingram, B.J., Mason, T.O., Palmer, G.B., Ambrosini, A., and Poeppelmeier, K.R., Photovoltaics for the 21st Century, edited by Kapur, V.K., McConnel, R.D., Carlson, D., Ceasar, G.P., and Rohatgi, A. (The Electrochemical Society, Proc. 99-11, Pennington, NJ, 1999) p. 68.Google Scholar
5.Lee, S.H., Hwang, K.H., and Joo, S.K., in Electrochromic Materials (2nd International Symposium), edited by Ho, K.-C. and MacArthur, D.A. (The Electrochemical Society, Proc. 94-2, Pennington, NJ, 1994) p. 290.Google Scholar
6.Lugg, P.S., Bommarito, S., Bailey, J., Budd, K., Cullen, P., Chen, K., Hardy, L.C., Nachbor, M., Solid-State Ionic Devices (The Electrochemical Society, Proc. 99-13, Pennington, NJ, 1999) p. 284.Google Scholar
7.Nakato, Y., Kai, K.-i., and Kawabe, K., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 37 (3/4) (1995) p. 323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Hill, R.J. and Nadel, S.J., Coated Glass Applications and Markets, 1st ed. (British Oxygen Coating Technology, Fairfield, CA, 1999) p. 143.Google Scholar
9.Bellingham, J.R., Phillips, W.A., and Adkins, C.J., J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 11 (5) (1992) p. 263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Gril, C., Gouskov, L., Marucchi, J., Touzel, J., and Savelli, M., Vide Couches Minces 38 (218) (1983) p. 393.Google Scholar
11.Wu, X., Sheldon, P., Coutts, T.J., Rose, D.H., and Moutinho, H.R., in Proc. 26th IEEE Spec. Photovoltaic Conf. (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, NJ, 1997) p. 347.Google Scholar
12.Wu, X., Sheldon, P., Mahathongdy, Y., Ribelin, R., Mason, A., Moutinho, H.R., and Coutts, T.J., in Proc. AIP Conf., CPV Photovoltaics Program Review, Vol. 462 (American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, NY, 1999) p. 37.Google Scholar
13.Kawazoe, H., Kotai Butsuri 33 (11) (1998) p. 937.Google Scholar
14.Kawazoe, H., Tomei Dodenmaku no Shintenkai (1999) p. 47.Google Scholar
15.Stauber, R.E., Perkins, J.D., Parilla, P.A., and Ginley, D.S., Solid-State Lett. 2 (12) (1999) p. 654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Kawazoe, H., Yasukawa, M., Kyodo, H., Kurita, M., Yanagi, H., and Hosono, H., Nature 389 (6654) (1997) p. 939.Google Scholar
17.Yamamoto, T. and Katayama-Yoshida, H., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2: Lett. 38 (2B) (1999) p. L166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Katayama-Yoshida, H., Nishimatsu, T., Yamamoto, T., and Orita, N., Materia 38 (2) (1999) p. 134.Google Scholar
19.Joseph, M., Tabata, H., and Kawai, T., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2: Lett. 38 (11A) (1999) p. L1205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Cava, R.J., Phillips, J.M., Kwo, J., Thomas, G.A., van Dover, R.B., Carter, S.A., Krajewski, J.J., Peck, W.F., Jr.Marshall, J.H., and Rapkine, D.H., Appl. Phys. Lett. 64 (16) (1994) p. 2071.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Dali, S.E., Jayachandran, M., and Chockalingam, M.J., J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 18 (11) (1999) p. 915.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Edwards, D.D., Mason, T.O., Goutenoire, F., and Poeppelmeier, K.R., Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 (13) (1997) p. 1706.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Minami, T., Takata, S., Kakumu, T., and Sonohara, H., Thin Solid Films 270 (1-2) (1995) p. 22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Minami, T., Kakumu, T., Shimokawa, K., and Takata, S., Thin Solid Films 317 (1-2) (1998) p. 318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Omata, T., Ueda, N., Ueda, K., and Kawazoe, H., Appl. Phys. Lett. 64 (9) (1994) p. 1077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Mayr, M., in Proc. Soc. Vacuum Coaters 29th Annu. Tech. Conf., edited by Penfold, A.S. (Society of Vacuum Coaters, Albuquerque, NM, 1986) p. 77.Google Scholar
27.McGraw, J.M., Parilla, P.A., Schulz, D.L., Alleman, J., Wu, X., Mulligan, W.P., Ginley, D.S., and Coutts, T.J., in Film Synthesis and Growth Using Energetic Beams, edited by Atwater, H.A., Dickinson, J.T., Lowndes, D.H., and Polman, A. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 388, Pittsburgh, 1995) p. 51.Google Scholar
28.Tabata, O., Tanaka, T., Waseda, M., and Kinuhara, K., Surf. Sci. 86 (1979) p. 230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Tanaka, T., Waseda, M., and Kinuhara, J., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 86 (1985) p. 4.Google Scholar
30.Gordon, R.G., Kurtz, S., Proscia, J., Gustin, K., Chapple-Sokol, K., and Strickler, D., Studies of Chemical Vapor Deposition of Amorphous Silicon and Transparent Electrodes for Solar Cells, Report No. SERI/STR-211-2695; Order No. DE85016848 (U.S. Department of Energy, Golden, CO, 1985) p. 46.Google Scholar
31.Haacke, G., J. Appl. Phys. 47 (9) (1976) p. 4086.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Young, D.L., Coutts, T.J., and Kaydanov, V.I., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71 (2) (Part 1) (2000) p. 462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Kudo, A., Yanagi, H., Ueda, K., Hosono, H., Kawazoe, H., and Yano, Y., Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 (18) (1999) p. 2851.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Bolognesi, A., Catellani, M., Destri, S., Zamboni, R., and Taliani, C., J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. (4) (1988) p. 246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Fan, J.C.C., Bachner, F.J., and Murphy, R.A., Appl. Phys. Lett. 28 (8) (1976) p. 440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Harlev, E., Gulakhmedova, T., Rubinovich, I., and Aizenshtein, G., Adv. Mater. 8 (12) (1996) p. 994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.Lee, J.-L., Kim, J.K., Lee, J.W., Park, Y.J., and Kim, T., Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 3 (1) (2000) p. 53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Murata, K. and Ito, M., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (1997) p. 6.Google Scholar
39.Petrov, Y.I. and Manaevskii, M.A., Prib. Tekh. Eksp. [Instrum. Exp. Tech.] (1) (1978) p. 226.Google Scholar
40.Scalora, M., Bloemer, M.J., and Bowden, C.M., Opt. Photonics News 10 (9) (1999) p. 24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Tennakone, K., Kumara, G.R.R.A., Kottegoda, I.R.M., Perera, V.P.S., Aponsu, G.M.L.P., and Wijayantha, K.G.U., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 55 (3) (1998) p. 283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42.Tracz, A., Jeszka, J.K., Sroczynska, A., Ulanski, J., Plocharski, J., Yamochi, H., Horiuchi, S., and Saito, G., Synth. Met. 86 (1-3) (1997) p. 2173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.Unagami, A., Konbatekku 24 (3) (1996) p. 19.Google Scholar