Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-gq7q9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-17T01:11:43.219Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Polymer Electrolytes: Ionic Transport Mechanisms and Relaxation Coupling

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Get access

Extract

Polymer electrolytes have been a focus of the scientific community for a quarter century. They extend the realm of traditional solid-state ionics from hard materials to include soft materials and, in doing so, pose issues both fundamental (e.g., how are structure and transport defined in a concentrated electrolyte with an immobile solvent?) and technological (e.g., how can polymer ionics be used to construct electrochemical devices such as sensors, batteries, and fuel cells?)

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Gray, F.M., Polymer Electrolytes: Fundamentals and Technological Applications (VCH Publishers, New York, 1991); Polymer Electrolytes (Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1997).Google Scholar
2.Ratner, M.A. and Shriver, D.F., MRS Bull. XIV (9) (1989) p. 39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Thomas, J.O., ed., Proc. 5th Int. Symp. on Polymer Electrolytes, Electrochim. Acta 43 (1998).Google Scholar
4.Faraday, M., Experimental Research in Electricity (Taylor and Francis, London, 1839).Google Scholar
5.Tubandt, C. and Lorenz, E.Z., Phys. Chem. 87 (1914) pp. 513 and 543.Google Scholar
6.Yao, Y.F. and Kummer, U.T., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 28 (1967) p. 2453.Google Scholar
7.Wright, P.V., Br. Polym. J. 7 (1975) p. 319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Armand, M.B., Chabagno, J.M., and Duclot, M., in Fast Ion Transport in Solids, edited by Vashishta, P., Mundy, J.N., and Shenoy, G.K. (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1979) p. 131.Google Scholar
9.Vogel, H., Phys. Z. 22 (1921) p. 645.Google Scholar
10.Tammann, G. and Hesse, W., Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 156 (1926) p. 245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Fulcher, G.S., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 8 (1925) p. 339.Google Scholar
12.Ingram, M.D. and Robertson, A.H.T., Solid State Ionics 94 (1997) p. 49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Ratner, M.A., in Polymer Electrolyte Reviews, Vol. 1, edited by MacCallum, J.R. and Vincent, C.A. (Elsevier, London, 1987) p. 173; M. Watanabe and N. Ogata, in Polymer Electrolyte Reviews, Vol. 1, edited by J.R. MacCallum and C.A. Vincent (Elsevier, London, 1987) p. 39.Google Scholar
14.Angell, C.A., Solid State Ionics 18/ 19 (1986) p. 92.Google Scholar
15.McLin, M. and Angell, C.A., J. Phys. Chem. 92 (1988) p. 2083.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Killis, A., Le Nest, J.F., Cheradame, H., and Gandini, A., Makromol. Chem. 183 (1982) p. 2835.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Cheradame, H. and Le Nest, J.F., in Polymer Electrolyte Reviews, Vol. 1, edited by MacCallum, J.R. and Vincent, C.A. (Elsevier, London, 1987) p. 103.Google Scholar
18.Lonergan, M.C., Shriver, D.F., and Ratner, M.A., Electrochim. Acta 40 (1995) p. 2041; J.J. Fortanella, M.C. Wintersgill, M.R. Smith, J. Simancik, and C.G. Andeen, J. Appl. Phys. 60 (1986) p. 2665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Banl, D., Michot, C., and Armand, M.B., Solid State Ionics 94 (1997) p. 35.Google Scholar
20.Ratner, M.A. and Shriver, D.F., Chem. Rev. 88 (1988) p. 109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Druger, S.D., Nitzan, A., and Ratner, M.A., J. Chem. Phys. 79 (1983) p. 3133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Druger, S.D., Ratner, M.A., and Nitzan, A., Solid State Ionics 9/10 (1983) p. 1115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Ratner, M.A. and Nitzan, A., Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 88 (1989) p. 19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Druger, S.D., J. Chem. Phys. 100 (1994) p. 3979.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Ratner, M.A. and Nitzan, A., J. Phys. Chem. 98 (1994) p. 1765.Google Scholar
26.Nitzan, A. and Granek, R., J. Chem. Phys. 97 (1992) p. 3823.Google Scholar
27.Lonergan, M.C., Nitzan, A., Ratner, M.A., and Shriver, D.F., J. Chem. Phys. 103 (1995) p. 3253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Stauffer, D. and Aharony, A., Introduction to Percolation Theory (Taylor and Francis, London, 1992).Google Scholar
29.Carlsson, P., Engberg, D., Torell, L.M., Borgesson, L., and Howells, W.S., Physica B 266 (1999) p. 26.Google Scholar
30.Albinsson, I., Mellander, B.-E., and Stevens, J.R., J. Chem. Phys. 96 (1992) p. 68.Google Scholar
31.Mendolia, M.S. and Farrington, G.C., Chem. Mater. 5 (1993) p. 174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Papke, B.L., Dupon, R., Ratner, M.A., and Shriver, D.F., Solid State Ionics 5 (1981) p. 685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Dupon, R., Papke, B.L., Ratner, M.A., Whitmore, D.H., and Shriver, D.F., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104 (1982) p. 6247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Schantz, S., Sandahl, J., Börjesson, L., Torell, L.M., and Stevens, J.R., Solid State Ionics 28–30 (1988) p. 1047.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Bernson, A. and Lindgren, J., Solid State Ionics 60 (1993) p. 37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Benrabah, D., Bainl, D., Sanchez, Y.-Y., Armand, M., and Gard, G.G., J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 89 (1993) p. 355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.King, B.T., Janooseh, Z., Gruner, B., Trammel, M., Noll, B.C., and Michl, J., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) p. 3313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Arumugam, S., Shi, J., Tunstall, D.P., and Vincent, C.A., J. Phys. Chem. 5 (1993) p. 153.Google Scholar
39.Ferry, A., Jacobsson, P., and Stevens, J.R., J. Phys. Chem. 5 (1996) p. 12574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40.Huang, W., Frech, R., Johansson, P., and Lindgren, J., Electrochim. Acta 40 (1995) p. 2147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Forsyth, M., Payne, V.A., Ratner, M.A., deLeeuw, S.W., and Shriver, D.F., Solid State Ionics 53–56 (1992) p. 1011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42.Payne, V.A., Forsyth, M., Ratner, M.A., Shriver, D.F., and deLeeuw, S.W., J. Phys. Chem. 100 (1994) p. 5021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.Xie, L. and Farrington, G.C., Solid State Ionics 53–56 (1992) p. 1054.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44.Müller-Plathe, F., Acta Polym. 45 (1994) p. 259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45.Boinske, P.T., Curtiss, L., Halley, J.W., Lin, B., and Sutjianto, A., J. Comput.-Aided Mater. Des. 3 (1996) p. 385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46.Neyertz, S. and Brown, D., J. Chem. Phys. 104 (1996) p. 3797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
47.Catlow, C.R.A. and Mills, G.E., Electrochim. Acta 40 (1995) p. 2057.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48.Borodin, O. and Smith, G.D., Macromolecules 31 (1998) p. 8396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49.Borodin, O. and Smith, G.D., Macromolecules in press.Google Scholar
50.Neyertz, S., Brown, D., and Thomas, J.O., J. Chem. Phys. 105 (1994) p. 10064.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51.Neyertz, S., Brown, D., and Thomas, J.O., Electrochim. Acta 40 (1995) p. 2063.Google Scholar
52.Cameron, G.C., Harvie, J.L., and Ingram, M.D., Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 88 (1989) p. 5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
53.Bruce, P.G., Hargrave, M.T., and Vincent, C.A., Solid State Ionics 53–56 (1992) p. 1054.Google Scholar
54.Ma, Y., Doyle, M., Fuller, T.F., Doeff, M.M., De Jonghe, L.C., and Newman, J., J. Electrochem. Soc. 142 (1995) p. 1859.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
55.Gorecki, W., Jeannin, M., Beloritzky, E., Roux, C., and Armand, M., J. Phys. Chem. 7 (1995) p. 6823.Google Scholar
56.Huang, W., Frech, R., and Wheeler, R.A., J. Phys. Chem. 98 (1994) p. 100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
57.Gejji, S.P., Hermansson, K., and Lindgren, J., J. Phys. Chem. 97 (1993) p. 3712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
58.Gejji, S.P., Hermansson, K., Tegenfeldt, J., and Lindgren, J., J. Phys. Chem. 97 (1993) p. 11402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
69.Johnston, D.H. and Shriver, D.F., Inorg. Chem. 32 (1993) p. 1045.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60.Johansson, P., Gejji, S.P., Tegenfeldt, J., and Lindgren, J., Electrochim. Acta 43 (1998) p. 1375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
61.Johansson, P., Tegenfeldt, J., and Lindgren, J., Polymer 40 (1999) p. 4399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
62.Baboul, A.G., Redfern, P.C., Sutjianto, A., and Curtiss, L.A., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (1999) p. 7220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
63.Gejji, S.P., Suresh, C.H., Babu, K., and Gadre, S.R., J. Phys. Chem. A 103 (1999) p. 7474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
64.Chatani, Y. and Okamura, S., Polymer 28 (1987) p. 1815.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
65.Berthier, C., Gorecki, W., Minier, M., Armand, M.B., Chabagno, J.M., and Rigaud, P., Solid State Ionics 11 (1983) p. 91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
66.Stainer, M., Hardy, L.C., Whitmore, D.H., and Shriver, D.F., J. Electrochem. Soc. 31 (1984) p. 784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
67.MacGlashan, G.W., Andreev, Y.G., and Bruce, P.G., Nature 398 (1999) p. 792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
68.Brown, C., Clarke, J.H.R., Okuda, M., and Yamazaki, T., J. Chem. Phys. 100 (1994) p. 6011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
69.Rey, I., Lassegues, J.-C., Baudry, P., and Majastre, H., Electrochim. Acta 43 (1998) p. 1539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
70.Rey, I., Johansson, P., Lindgren, J., Lassegues, J.-C., Grondin, J., and Servant, L., J. Phys. Chem. 102 (1998) p. 4660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
71.Blonsky, P.M., Shriver, D.F., Austin, P., and Allcock, H.R., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106 (1984) p. 6854.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
72.Wilson, D.J., Nicholas, C.V., Mobbs, R.H., Booth, C., and Giles, J.R.M., Br. Polym. J. 22 (1990) p. 129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
73.Fish, C., Khan, I.M., and Smid, J., Polymer Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.) 27 (1996) p. 325.Google Scholar
74.Spindler, R. and Shriver, D.F., in Conducting Polymers, edited by Alcacer, L. (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1987).Google Scholar
75.Doan, K.E., Ratner, M.A., and Shriver, D.F., Chem. Mater. 3 (1991) p. 418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
76.Chen, K., Doan, K.E., Ganapathiappan, S., Ratner, M.A., and Shriver, D.F., in Solid State Ionics II, edited by Nazri, G.-A., Shriver, D.F., Huggins, R.A., and Balkanski, M. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 210, Pittsburgh, 1991) p. 211.Google Scholar
77.Abraham, K. and Alamgir, M., J. Electrochem. Soc. 137 (1990) p. 1657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
78.Aurbach, D. and Moshkovich, M., J. Electrochem. Soc. 145 (1998) p. 2629.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
79.Oh, B. and Kim, Y.R., Solid State Ionics 124 (1999) p. 83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
80.Ostrovshii, B., Torell, L.M., Appetecchi, G.B., and Scrosati, B., Solid State Ionics 106 (1998) p. 19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
81.Abbrent, S., Lindgren, J., Tegenfeldt, T., and Wendsjó, Å.Electrochim. Acta 43 (1998) p. 1185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
82.Johnson, S.F., Ward, I.M., Cruickshank, T., and Davies, G.R., Solid State Ionics 90 (1996) p. 39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
83.Forsyth, M., Garcia, M., MacFarlane, D.R., Ng, S., Smith, M.E., and Strange, J.H., Solid State Ionics 86–88 (1996) p. 1365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
84.Angell, C.A., Liu, C., and Sanchez, E., Nature 362 (1993) p. 137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
85.Angell, C.A., Xu, K., Zhang, S.S., and Videa, M., Solid State Ionics 86–88 (1996) p. 17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
86.Weston, J.E. and Steele, B.C.H., Solid State Ionics 7 (1982) p. 75; W. Wieczorek, D. Radocha, A. Zalewski, and J.R. Stevens, J. Phys. Chem. B 102 (1998) p. 8725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
87.Dai, Y., Greenbaum, S., Golodnitsky, D., Ardel, G., Straus, E., Peled, E., and Rosenberg, Y., Solid State Ionics 106 (1998) p. 25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
88.Capiglia, C., Mustarelli, P., Quartarone, E., Thomasi, C., and Magistris, A., Solid State Ionics 118 (1999) p. 73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
89.Nagasubramaniceu, G., Attia, A.I., Halpert, G., and Peled, E., Solid State Ionics 67 (1993) p. 51; J. Fan, S.R. Raghyavan, Y.-Y. Yu, S.A. Khan, and P.S. Fedkiw, Solid State Ionics 11 (1998) p. 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
90.Nairn, K.M., Best, A.S., Newman, P.J., MacFarlane, D.R., and Forsyth, M., Solid State Ionics 121 (1999) p. 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
91.Wright, P.V., Zheng, Y., Bhatt, D., Richardsson, T., and Ungar, G., Polym. Int. 47 (1998) p. 34.3.0.CO;2-G>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
92.Imrie, C.T., Ingram, M.D., and McHattie, G.S., Adv. Mater. 11 (1999) p. 832.3.0.CO;2-Z>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
93.Wei, X. and Shriver, D.F., Chem. Mater. 10 (1998) p. 2307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
94.Sun, X., Lee, H.S., Lee, S., Yang, X.Q., and McBreen, J., Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 1 (1998) p. 239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar