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Metal deformation and phase transitions at extremely high strain rates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

R. E. Rudd ,
T. C. Germann ,
B. A. Remington  and
J. S. Wark
R. E. Rudd
Affiliation:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-045, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; robert.rudd@llnl.gov
T. C. Germann
Affiliation:
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; tcg@lanl.gov
B. A. Remington
Affiliation:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-481, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; remington2@llnl.gov
J. S. Wark
Affiliation:
Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK; Justin.wark@physics.ox.ac.uk
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Abstract

The powerful lasers being constructed for inertially confined fusion generate enormous pressures extremely rapidly. These extraordinary machines both motivate the need and provide the means to study materials under extreme pressures and loading rates. In this frontier of materials science, an experiment may last for just 10s of nanoseconds. Processes familiar at ambient conditions, such as phase transformations and plastic flow, operate far from equilibrium and show significant kinetic effects. Here we describe recent developments in the science of metal deformation and phase transitions at extreme pressures and strain rates. Ramp loading techniques enable the study of solids at high pressures (100s of GPa) at moderate temperatures. Advanced diagnostics, such as in situ x-ray scattering, allow time-resolved material characterization in the short-lived high-pressure state, including crystal structure (phase), elastic compression, the size of microstructural features, and defect densities. Computer simulation, especially molecular dynamics, provides insight into the mechanisms of deformation and phase change.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 35 , Issue 12: Structural Metals at Extremes , December 2010 , pp. 999 - 1006
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2010

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