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Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the Pacific, 1895–1945

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2009

MAN-HOUNG LIN
MAN-HOUNG LIN*
Affiliation:
Academia Historica, 406 Sec. 2, Beiyi Road, Xindian, Taipei 23152, Republic of China E-mail: mhlmh@gate.sinica.edu.tw
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Abstract

For the history connecting East Asia with the West, there is much literature about contact and trade across the Atlantic Ocean from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth centuries.1 This paper notes the rapid growth of the Pacific Ocean in linking Asia with the larger world in the early twentieth century by perceiving the economic relationships between Taiwan and Hong Kong while Japan colonized Taiwan. The Pacific route from Taiwan directly to America or through Japan largely replaced the Hong Kong–Atlantic–Europe–USA route to move Taiwan's export products to countries in the West. Other than still using Hong Kong as a trans-shipping point to connect with the world, Japan utilized Taiwan as a trans-shipping point to sell Japanese products to South China, and Taiwan's tea was sold directly to Southeast Asia rather than going through Hong Kong. Taiwan's exports to Japan took the place of its exports to China. Japanese and American goods dominated over European goods or Chinese goods from Hong Kong for Taiwan's import. Japanese and Taiwanese merchants (including some anti-Japanese merchants) overrode the British and Chinese merchants in Hong Kong to carry on the Taiwan–Hong Kong trade. America's westward expansion towards the Pacific, the rise of the Pacific shipping marked by the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914, and the rise of Japan relative to China, restructured intra-Asian relations and those between Asia and the rest of the world.

Type
Research Article
Information
Modern Asian Studies , Volume 44 , Issue 5 , September 2010 , pp. 1053 - 1080
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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87 Taiwan nichinichi shinpō (Japanese section), Meiji 32.9.1.

88 Taiwan nichinichi shinpō (Japanese section), Taishō 8.2.11.

89 Taiwan nichinichi shinpō (Chinese section), Taishō 8.10.3.

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91 Kōhei, Yuchi, NanShi shisatsu hōkokusho (A report of the investigation result at South China), Minami Shina oyobi Nan'yō chōsa, no. 29 (Taipei: Taiwan sōtokufu, 1919), pp. 22, 38Google Scholar.

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98 Taiwan nichinichi shinpō (Japanese section), Meiji 34.12.1.

99 Taiwan sōtokufu, Sengo Nanshi ni okeru rekkoku bōeki no shōchō oyobi sono suisei, pp. 134–135.

100 Kasuke, Sugino, Taiwan shōkō jyūnen shi (Ten years of Taiwan's commerce and industry) (Taipei: Taipei insatsu kabushiki kaisha, 1919), p. 108Google Scholar.

101 Calculated from: Taiwan sōtokufu zaimukyoku (ed.), Taiwan no bōeki (appendix), pp. 1–2.

102 For the Lins of Banqiao’ multiple nationalities (Lin Benyuan, Lin Heshou, and Lin Erjia) and their leading role in the remittance business among Taiwan, Hong Kong, and South China, see: Gaimushō Tsūshō kyoku, ‘Amoy ni okeru honpō zakka genkyō’ (The situation of Japanese sundries in Xiamen), Tsūshō isan (Collection of consular commercial reports) pp. 101, 35 (Meiji 3.6). Attached to the Japanese consular report of Xiamen of Meiji 39.5.1, p. 2; Kikuchi kyōgi, Amoi no tsūka narabini kin'yū (Currency and financial situation in Xiamen) (Taipei: Taiwan ginkō Sōmubu chōsaka, 1912), p. 23; Japanese consular report of Xiamen of Taishō 2.5.6, pp. 28–29. For more on the flexibility in choice of nationalities displayed by Chinese merchants in multinational enterprises, see: Lin, Man-houng, ‘The Multiple Nationality of Overseas Chinese Merchants: A means for Reducing Commercial Risk,’ Modern Asian Studies, (2001), 35 (4): 985–1009CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

103 Taiwan nichinichi shinpō (Chinese section), Meiji 37.11.3.

104 Lin Jishang was the third son of Lin Chaodong (Lin Xiantang (ed.), Linshi zupu, 38a). Lin Jishang helped anti-Japanese Taiwanese in Fujian, and spread anti-Japanese opinions and even denounced his Japanese nationality, see: Xueji, Xu, Lin Zhengheng de sheng yu si (A biography of Lin Zhengheng) (Nantou: Taiwansheng wenxian weiyuanhui, 2001), pp. 5–15Google Scholar.

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106 Taiwan nichinichi shinpō (Japanese section), Shōwa 2.4.9.

107 Taiwan nichinichi shinpō (Japanese section), Shōwa 2.4.7; Taiwan nichinichi shinpō (Japanese section), Shōwa 2.4.9.

108 Sassa Hidehiko, Taiwan no sangyō to sono torihiki, p. 484.

109 Jiamou, Huang, Meiguo yu Taiwan, 1874–1895 (The United States and Taiwan, 1874–1895) (Taipei: The Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, 1966 first print, 2004 reprinted), pp. 127–158, 166Google Scholar.

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111 Taiwan sōtokufu minseibu zaimukyoku, Meiji sanjūkyūnen Taiwan bōeki gairan, p. 65.

112 Calculated from: Ōkurashō (ed.), Nihon gaikoku bōeki nenpyō (Annual trade record of Japan's foreign trade) (Tokyo: Ōkurashō, 1936), 2; Gaimushō tsûshō kyoku comp., Kakkoku tsûshō no dōkō to Nihon (The commercial trend of various countries and Japan) (Shōwa 13 edition) (Tokyo: Nihon kokusai kyōkai, 1938), p. 26.

113 Calculated from Liang-lin Hsiao, China's Foreign Trade Statistics, 1864–1949, pp. 22–23, 149–50.

114 kai, Taiwan sōtokufu nettai sangyō chōsa, Honkon keizai chōsa iinkai hōkokusho (The report of the committee to investigate Hong Kong's economic situation) (Taipei: Taiwan sōtokufu nettai sangyō chōsa kai, 1937), p. 12Google Scholar.

115 Calculation based on Taiwan sheng tongzhi (A General history of Taiwan) (Taipei: Taiwan sheng wenxian weiyuanhui, 1971), vol. 4, Jingji zhi shangye pian, pp. 170b–171b.

116 Tanaka Morikazu (ed.), Nihon san shōnō sankō shiryō, p. 11.

117 Informed by Professor Wu Songdi of Fudan University at Shanghai in his June, 2007 visit to Taipei.

118 See Man-houng Lin, ‘Taiwan yu Dongbei jian de maoyi, 1932–41’ (Taiwan's trade with Manchukuo), Zhongyang yanjiuyuan jindaishi yanjiusuo jikan, vol. 24 (June 1995), pp. 24, 653–96.

119 Taiwan nichinichi shinpō (Japanese section), Meiji 32.9.9.

120 Cf. Baud, Michiel, ‘Toward a Comparative History of Borderlands,’ Journal of World History (1997), 8 (2): 211–242CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

121 Kitsukai Ushida, Taiwan kaiunshi, pp. 342–350.

122 Man-houng Lin, ‘Decline or Prosperity?’, pp. 127–129.

123 Detailed in Man-houng Lin, ‘Elite Survival in Regime Transition: Government-Merchant Cooperation in Taiwan's Trade with Japan, 1950–1961’, in Shigeru Akita and Nick White (eds), The International Order of Asia in the 1930s and 1950s (In Press).