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A Diplomatic Counter-revolution: Indonesian diplomacy and the invasion of East Timor

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 June 2020

MATTIAS FIBIGER Open the ORCID record for MATTIAS FIBIGER [Opens in a new window]
MATTIAS FIBIGER*
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Harvard Business School Email: mfibiger@hbs.edu
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Abstract

This article reinterprets the Indonesian invasion of East Timor as a ‘diplomatic counter-revolution’. Using the central archival records of the Suharto regime for the first time in English-language scholarship, it unearths a diplomatic campaign undertaken by agents of the New Order to secure international support for an Indonesian invasion of East Timor. This diplomatic offensive spanned Southeast Asia, non-aligned and Afro-Asian networks, Western capitals, international institutions and media circuits, and global capital markets. Its success tipped the balance of power in Jakarta away from advocates of restraint like Adam Malik and towards advocates of annexation like Ali Murtopo. The diplomacy behind Indonesia's invasion of East Timor reveals that the architecture of globalization, lauded by some scholars as inherently liberatory, was in fact agnostic, capable of being turned to counter-revolutionary purposes in addition to revolutionary ones. And it suggests that diplomacy itself had been counter-revolutionized, as geopolitical and geoeconomic change combined to make the international system, particularly the states of the Global South, far more hostile to state-making claims and transformative world-making projects.

Type
Research Article
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Modern Asian Studies , Volume 55 , Issue 2 , March 2021 , pp. 587 - 628
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Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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129 Telegram, Jakarta to State, 21 August, 1975, Indonesia—State Department Telegrams to SECSTATE–EXDIS, Box 6, NSC-EA Presidential, GFPL.

130 Polkam, 10 June 1975, HB IX, 567, ANRI.

131 Memorandum, Roesmin Nurjadin to Suharto, 30 October 1975, 203, HB IX, ANRI.

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134 Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal, Laporan Perjalanan ke Amerika-Serikat pada akhir bulan September 1975 dan pada akhir bulan Oktober 1975 [Report on the trips to the United States at the end of September 1975 and October 1975], 10 November 1975, 412, HB IX, ANRI.

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138 Submission to Willesee, 14 October 1975, AIPT, 463; Cablegram to Canberra, 16 October 1975, AIPT, p. 473.

139 ‘Indonesia denies attack into Portuguese Timor’, New York Times, 9 October 1975; ‘Timor not UN problem, says Malik’, The Irish Times, 13 October 1975; Cablegram to New York, 10 October 1975, AIPT, pp. 559–561.

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146 Hunt, The Timor story, p. 13.

147 Submission to Willesee, 16 October 1975, AIPT, p. 472.

148 Cablegram to Canberra, 19 October 1975, AIPT, p. 489.

149 Cablegram to Jakarta and Lisbon, 29 October 1975, AIPT, 530; Submission to Willesee, 31 October 1975, AIPT, pp. 536–537.

150 Cablegram to Jakarta, 20 November 1975, AIPT, p. 579.

151 Memorandum, Barnes to Scowcroft, 23 October 1975, Indonesia (3), Box 6, NSC-EA Presidential GFPL; Memorandum, Kissinger to Ford, October 30, 1975, NSDM 311—U.S.–Indonesia Consultative Arrangements, Box 61, National Security Council Institutional Files, GFPL.

152 Cablegram to Canberra, 17 August 1975, AIPT, p. 314.

153 Memorandum, Kissinger to Ford, n.d., President Ford's Trip to the Philippines and Indonesia, December 1975 (1), Box 18, NSC-EA Presidential, GFPL.

154 Telegram, DIA to DINOZ, 8 December 1975, Indonesia (5), NSC-EA Presidential, GFPL; Memorandum, Barnes to Scowcroft, 30 December 1975, Indonesia (6), NSC-EA Presidential, GFPL.

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