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The Controversies on Fascism in Colonial Korea in the early 1930s

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 June 2011

VLADIMIR TIKHONOV
VLADIMIR TIKHONOV*
Affiliation:
Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages, Faculty of Humanities, Oslo University, Boks 1010 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway Email: vladimir.tikhonov@ikos.uio.no
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Abstract

The paper deals with the trends of fascist and fascist-like right-wing social and political thought in colonial Korea in the early 1930s. It shows that in the 1920s, Korea's right wing, its ability to reach out to the masses being severely limited, preferred mostly conciliatory tactics in its relationship with leftist radicals, often making efforts towards inventing ‘hybrid’ ideologies which would integrate the leftist social concerns into the mainstream religious or nationalist constructions (an example of such a hybrid were various Korean versions of Christian socialism). After the Great Depression, however, Korea's nascent bourgeoisie felt more threatened and became more interested in keeping abreast with right-wing extremist trends in the mother country (Japan) and elsewhere. Such representative ideologists of the Korean propertied class as Yun Ch'iho and Yi Kwangsu were praising Mussolini and employing strong Social Darwinist language in their exhortations to the Korean people to ‘regain their vitality and develop [a] spirit of collectivism, obedience and self-sacrifice’. However, until the very end of the 1930s many of Korea's right-wing ideologues remained pronouncedly religious (Yun as Christian, Yi as Buddhist). While highlighting the religious essentials of their worldviews they often abstained from imitating the most extremist traits of European fascist ideologies (for example, anti-Semitism). In many ways, Korea's fascism continued until the end of the 1930s to be an intellectual discourse rather than a mass movement, and retained a strong aura of belonging to more mainstream religious or nationalist traditions.

Type
Research Article
Information
Modern Asian Studies , Volume 46 , Issue 4 , July 2012 , pp. 975 - 1006
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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