Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-nwzlb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T17:17:28.084Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A review of crystal chemistry of natural silicates of alkaline elements in the light of new structural data

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

N. V. Zubkova*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
I. V. Pekov
Affiliation:
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
D. Yu. Pushcharovsky
Affiliation:
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia

Abstract

A review is presented here of the crystal chemistry of natural silicates of alkaline elements, mainly Na, with a focus on reporting recent data on the structural mineralogy of the new members of this chemical family and their crystal structures. The majority of the natural hydrous silicates of alkaline elements studied are characterized by a specific crystal-chemical feature − the presence of silanol groups Si−OH. The discovery of the two new minerals, chesnokovite and yegorovite, means that all the main topological types of the [SixOy] complexes are represented in the crystal structures for this family.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Annehed, H., Fälth, L. and Lincoln, F.J. (1982) Crystal structure of synthetic makatite Na2Si4O8 (OH)2(H2O)4 . Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 159, 203210.Google Scholar
Barker, M.G. and Gadd, P.G. (1981) The preparation and crystal structure of sodium orthosilicate, Na4SiO4. Journal of Chemical Research (Synopsis), 1981, 274.Google Scholar
Bernet, K. and Hoppe, R. (1990) Zur Kristallstruktur von K4[SiO4]. Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, 589, 129138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corredor, J.I., Cota, A., Pavón, E. and Alba, M.D. (2013) Synthesis and characterization of kanemite from fluoride-containing media: influence of the alkali cation. American Mineralogist, 98, 10001007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crosnier, M.P., Guyomard, D., Verbaere, A. and Piffard, Y. (1990) Synthesis and structure of a novel polysilicate Cs4(NbO)2[Si8O21]. European Journal of Solid State Inorganic Chemistry, 27, 435442.Google Scholar
Czank, M. and Bissert, G. (1993) The crystal structure of Li2Mg2[Si4O11], a loop-branched dreier single chain silicate. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 204, 129142.Google Scholar
Dent Glasser, L.S. and Jamieson, P.B. (1976) Sodium silicate hydrates. V. The crystal structure of Na2O·SiO2·8H2O. Acta Crystallographica, B 32, 705710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dent Glasser, L.S., Howie, R.A. and Xi, Yaozhong. (1984) A re-investigation of the crystal structure of potassium hydrogen metasilicate, KHSiO3 . Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 168, 307312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eugster, H.P. (1967) Hydrous sodium silicates from Lake Magadi, Kenya: precursors of bedded chert. Science, 157, 11771180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fleet, M.E. (1996) Sodium tetrasilicate: a complex highpressure framework silicate (Na6Si3[Si9O27]). American Mineralogist, 81, 11051110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleet, M.E. (1998) Sodium heptasilicate: a high-pressure silicate with six-membered rings of tetrahedra interconnected by SiO6 octahedra: (Na8Si[Si6O18]). American Mineralogist, 83, 618624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleet, M.E. and Henderson, G.S. (1995a) Epsilon sodium disilicate: a high-pressure layer structure [Na2Si2O5]. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 119, 400404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleet, M.E. and Henderson, G.S. (1995b) Sodium trisilicate: a new high-pressure silicate structure (Na2Si[Si2O7]). Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 22, 383386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcés, J.M., Rocke, S.C., Crowder, C.E. and Hasha, D.L. (1988) Hypothetical structures of magadiite and sodium octosilicate and structural relationships between the layered alkali metal silicates and the mordenite- and pentasil-group zeolites. Clays and Clay Minerals, 36, 409418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garvie, L.A.J., Devouard, B., Groy, T.L., Cámara, F. and Buseck, P.R. (1999) Crystal structure of kanemite, NaHSi2O5·3H2O, from the Aris phonolite, Namibia. American Mineralogist, 84, 11701175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grice, J.D. (1991) The crystal structure of silinaite, NaLiSi2O5·2H2O. The Canadian Mineralogist, 29, 363367.Google Scholar
Grund, A. (1954) La structure cristalline du disilicate de soude b-Na2Si2O5 . Bulletin de la Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie, 77, 775785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hilmer, W. (1964) Die Kristallstruktur des sauren Kaliummetasilikates K4(HSiO3)4 . Act a Crystallographica, 17, 10631066..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hilmer, W. (1965) Die Kristallstruktur des sauren Kaliummetasilikates K4(HSiO3)4. Korrektur. Acta Crystallographica, 18, 574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoch, C. and Röhr, C. (2001) Alkalimetall-oxosilicate A6[Si3O9] und A6[Si2O7] (A = Rb, Cs): Darstellung und Kristallstruktur. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, B, 56, 423430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jamieson, P.B. and Dent Glasser, L.S. (1966) Sodium silicate hydrates. II. The crystal structure of Na2O·SiO2·9H2O. Acta Crystallographica, 20, 688693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jamieson, P.B. and Dent Glasser, L.S. (1967) Sodium silicate hydrates. III. The crystal structure of Na2O·SiO2·6H2O and of the isostructural Na2O·GeO2·6H2O. Acta Crystallographica, 22, 507522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jansen, M. (1982) Zur Kristallstruktur von Kaliumdisilicat. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 160, 127133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Jong, B.H.W.S., Super, H.T.J., Spek, A., Veldman, N., Nachtegaal, G. and Fischer, J.C. (1998) Mixed alkali systems: structure and 29Si MASNMR of Li2Si2O5 and K2Si2O5. Acta Crystallographica, B54, 568577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jost, K.H. and Hilmer, W. (1966) Die Struktur von Na2H2SiO4·4H2O. Acta Crystallographica, 21, 583589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahlenberg, V. (2010) Structural chemistry of anhydrous sodium silicates – a review. Chimia, 64, 716722.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kahlenberg, V., Dörsam, G. Wendschuh-Josties, M. and Fischer, R.X. (1999) The crystal structure of d- Na2Si2O5. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 146, 380386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahlenberg, V., Marler, B., Muñoz Acevedo, J.C. and Patarin, J. (2002) Ab initio crystal structure determination of Na2Si3O7 from conventional powder diffraction data. Solid State Sciences, 4, 12851292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahlenberg, V., Rakić, S. and Weidenthaler, C. (2003) Room- and high-temperature single crystal diffraction studies on g-Na2Si2O5: an interrupted framework with exclusively Q3-units. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 218, 421431.Google Scholar
Kahlenberg, V., Langreiter, T. and Arroyabe, E. (2010) Na6Si2O7 – The missing structural link among alkali pyrosilicates. Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, 636, 19741979.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khomyakov, A.P. (1995) Mineralogy of Hyperagpaitic Alkaline Rocks. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK. x + 223 pp.Google Scholar
Khomyakov, A.P., Nechelyustov, G.N., Yamnova, N.A. and Pushcharovsky, D.Yu. (1993) Megacyclite Na8KSi9O18(OH)9·19H2O, a new mineral species. Zapiski Vserossiiskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva, 149(1), 125128 [in Russian].Google Scholar
Krüger, H., Kahlenberg, V. and Kaindl, R. (2005) Structural studies on Na6Si8O19 – a monophyllosilicate with a new type of layered silicate anion. Solid State Sciences, 7, 13901396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ksenofontov, D.A., Zubkova, N.V., Pekov, I.V., Kabalov, Yu.K. and Pushcharovsky, D.Yu. (2013) Crystal structure of a novel microporous zirconosilicate Na2(Na,Ca)3Zr3[Si9O27], the product of hightemperature transformation of catapleiite. International Conference: Minerals as Advanced Materials III, Abstracts. Pp 24–25.Google Scholar
Le Bihan, M.T., Kalt, A. and Wey, R. (1971) E´ tude structurale de KHSi2O5 et H2Si2O5 . Bulletin de la Socié té Française de Miné ralogie et de Cristallographie, 94, 1523.Google Scholar
Liebau, F. (1985) Structural Chemistry of the Silicates. Structure, Bonding, and Classification. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Google Scholar
Malinovskii, Yu.A. and Belov, N.V. (1979) Crystal structure of potassium disilicate KHSi2O5 . Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 246, 99103.[in Russian].Google Scholar
Matijasic, A., Marler, B. and Patarin, J. (2000) Synthesis and characterization of Mu-11: a porous sodium trisilicate Na2Si3O7·H2O with 10-membered ring openings. International Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2, 209216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, W.S. and Cruickshank, D.W.J. (1967) A reinvestigation of the structure of sodium metasilicate, Na2SiO3. Acta Crystallographica, 22, 3743.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pant, A.K. (1968) A reconsideration of the crystal structure of b-Na2Si2O5. Acta Crystallographica, B 24, 10771083.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pant, A.K. and Cruickshank, D.W.J. (1968) The crystal structure of a-Na2Si2O5. Acta Crystallographica, B 24, 1319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pekov, I.V. (2000) Lovozero Massif: History, Pegmatites, Minerals. Ocean Pictures Ltd, Moscow. 484 pp.Google Scholar
Pekov, I.V., Chukanov, N.V., Zadov, A.E., Zubkova, N.V. and Pushcharovsky, D.Yu. (2007a) Chesnokovite, Na2[SiO2(OH)2]·8H2O, the first natural sodium orthosilicate from the Lovozero Alkaline Pluton, Kola Peninsula: description and crystal structure of a new mineral species. Geology of Ore Deposits, 49, 727738.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pekov, I.V., Zubkova, N.V., Pushcharovsky, D.Yu., Kolitsch, U. and Tillmanns, E. (2007b) Refined crystal structure of parakeldyshite and the genetic crystal chemistry of zirconium minerals with [Si2O7] diorthogroups. Crystallography Reports, 52, 10661071.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pekov, I.V., Zubkova, N.V. and Pushcharovsky, D.Yu. (2008) Pure alkaline silicates in agpaitic massifs: “composition – structure – properties – genesis” relations. Seminar: Geochemistry of Alkaline Rocks, Saint-Petersburg, Russia. Pp 124–126 [in Russian].Google Scholar
Pekov, I.V., Zubkova, N.V., Chukanov, N.V., Zadov, A.E., Grishin, V.G. and Pushcharovsky, D.Yu. (2010) Yegorovite, Na4[Si4O8(OH)47H2O, a new mineral from the Lovozero Alkaline Pluton, Kola Peninsula. Geology of Ore Deposits, 52, 584590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piekarz, P., Derzsi, M., Jochym, P.T., Łażewski, J., Sternik, M., Parlinski, K. and Serwicka, E.M. (2009) Crystal structure, hydrogen bonds, and lattice dynamics in kanemite from first-principles calculations. Physical Review, B 79, 134105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rakić, S. and Kahlenberg, V. (2001a) The crystal structure of a mixed alkali phyllosilicate with composition Na1.55K0.45Si2O5 . European Journal of Mineralogy, 13, 12151221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rakić, S. and Kahlenberg, V. (2001b) Single crystal structure investigation of twinned NaKSi2O5 – a novel single layer silicate. Solid State Sciences, 3, 659667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rakić, S., Kahlenberg, V., Weidenthaler, C. and Zibrowius, B. (2002) Structural characterization of high-pressure C-Na2Si2O5 by single-crystal diffraction and 29Si MAS NMR. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 29, 477484.Google Scholar
Rakić, S., Kahlenberg, V. and Schmidt, B.C. (2003a) High pressure mixed alkali disilicates in the system Na2-xKxSi2O5: hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structures of NaKSi2O5-II and Na0.67K1.33Si2O5. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials, 218, 413420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rakić, S., Kahlenberg, V. and Schmidt, B.C. (2003b) Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of k-Na2Si2O5 and Na1.84K0.16Si2O5 . Solid State Sciences, 5, 473480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rastsvetaeva, R.K., Mikheeva, M.G., Yamnova, N.A., Pushcharovskii, D.Yu. and Khomyakov, A.P. (1992) Crystal structure of revdite Na16(Si4O6(OH)5)2 (Si8O15(OH)6)(OH)10·28H2O. Soviet Physics, Crystallography, 37, 632636.Google Scholar
Rastsvetaeva, R.K., Pushcharovskii, D.Yu., Bolotina, N.B., Nadejina, T.N. and Dimitrova, O.V. (1994) Modulated crystal structure of K4(NbO)2[Si8O21]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 209, 145150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rieck, H.-P, (1996) Natriumschichtsilicate und Schichtkieselsäuren. Nachrichten aus Chemie Technik und Laboratorium, 44, 699704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubo, Z., Fengming, H. and Chonliang, D. (1985) Ertixiite – a new mineral from the Altay pegmatite mine, Xinjiang, China. Geochemistry (China), 4, 192195.Google Scholar
Sassi, M., Gramlich, V., Miehe-Brendle, J., Josien, L., Paillaud, J.-L., Benggedach, A. and Patarin, J. (2003) Synthesis and characterization of a new onedimensional sodium silicate named Mu-29. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 64, 5161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmid, R.L. and Felsche, J. (1985) Location and anisotropic refinement of atoms in disodium dihydrogensilicate tetrahydrate, Na2H2SiO4·4H2O by neutron diffraction; hydrogen bonding at 173 K. Acta Crystallographica, C 41, 638641.Google Scholar
Schmid, R.L. and Felsche, J. (1990) Structure of trisodium hydrogenorthosilicate monohydrate. Acta Crystallographica, C 46, 13651368.Google Scholar
Schmid, R., Huttner, G. and Felsche, J. (1979) The structure of trisodium hydrogensilicate dihydrate. Acta Crystallographica, B 35, 30243027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmid, R.L., Szolnai, L., Felsche, J. and Huttner, G. (1981) The structure of trisodium hydrogensilicate dihydrate: high temperature form. Acta Crystallographica, B 37, 789792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmid, R.L., Felsche, J. and McIntyre, G.J. (1984) Location and anisotropic refinement of deuterium atoms in deuterium sodium silicate – deuterium oxide (1/8) Na2D2SiO4·8D2O by neutron diffraction; hydrogen bonding at 173 K. Acta Crystallographica, C 40, 733736.Google Scholar
Schweinsberg, H. and Liebau, F. (1974) Die Kristallstruktur des K4Si8O18: ein neuer Silikat- Schichttyp. Acta Crystallographica, B 30, 22062213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smolin, Yu.I., Shepelev, Yu.F. and Butikova, I.K. (1973) Crystal structure of sodium hydrosilicate Na3HSiO4·5H2O. Soviet Physics, Crystallography, 18, 173176.Google Scholar
Swanson, D.K. and Prewitt, C.T. (1983) The crystal structure of K2SiVISi3 IVO9. American Mineralogist, 68, 581585.Google Scholar
Takahashi, N. and Kuroda, K. (2011) Materials design of layered silicates through covalent modification of interlayer surfaces. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, 1433614353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Völlenkle, H., Wittmann, A. and Nowotny, H.N. (1969) Die Kristallstruktur der Verbindung Li6[Si2O7]. Monatshefte für Chemie, 100, 295303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voronkov, A.A. and Pyatenko, Yu.A. (1962) The crystal structure of vlasovite. Soviet Physics Crystallography, 6, 755760.Google Scholar
Vortmann, S., Rius, J., Siegmann, S. and Gies, H. (1997) Ab initio structure solution from X-ray powder data at moderate resolution: crystal structure of a microporous layer silicate. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 101, 12921297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vortmann, S., Rius, J., Marler, B. and Gies, H. (1999) Structure solution from powder data of the hydrous layer silicate kanemite, a precursor of the industrial ion exchanger SKS-6. European Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 125134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werthmann, R. and Hoppe, R. (1981) Über K2SiO3 - das erste Cyclotrisilicat eines Alkalimetalls – sowie Rb2SiO3, Cs2 SiO3, Rb2GeO3 und Cs2GeO3. Revue de Chimie minérale, 18, 593607.Google Scholar
Williams, P.P. and Dent Glasser, L.S. (1971) Sodium silicate hydrates. IV. Location of hydrogen atoms in Na2O.SiO2.6H2O by neutron diffraction. Acta Crystallographica, B 27, 22692275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, F. and Schwieger, W. (1979) Zum ionenaustausch einwertiger kationen an synthetischen natriumpolysilicaten mit schichtstruktur. Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, 457, 224228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamnova, N.A., Pushcharovsky, D.Yu, Andrianov, V.I., Rastsvetaeva, R.K., Khomyakov, A.P. and Mikheeva, M.G. (1989) A new type of silicate radical in the structure of grumant i te Na[Si2O4(OH)]·H2O. Soviet Physics, Doklady, 34, 284286.Google Scholar
Yamnova, N.A., Rastsvetaeva, R.K., Pushcharovsky, D.Yu, Mernaf, T., Mikheeva, M.G. and Khomyakov, A.P. (1992) Crystal structure of the new annular Na,K silicate Na16K2[Si18O36(OH)18]638H2O. Soviet Physics, Crystallography, 37, 167174.Google Scholar
Zubkova, N.V., Pekov, I.V. and Chukanov, N.V. (2006) Crystal structure study of the new natural aqueous sodium silicate. P230 in: Abstracts of the 10th European Powder Diffraction Conference (EPDIC 10), Swiss Society for Crystallography.Google Scholar
Zubkova, N.V., Pekov, I.V., Chukanov, N.V., Lisitsin, D.V., Rabadanov, M.Kh. and Pushcharovsky, D.Yu. (2007) New data on megacyclite. New Data on Minerals, 42, 8192.Google Scholar
Zubkova, N.V., Pekov, I.V., Pushcharovskii, D.Yu. and Kazantsev, S.S. (2009) Crystal structure of yegorovite Na4[Si4O8(OH)4]·7H2O. Doklady Earth Sciences, 427, 814818.CrossRefGoogle Scholar