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The relationship between mineral composition, crystal structure and paragenetic sequence: the case of secondary Te mineralization at the Bird Nest drift, Otto Mountain, California, USA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Andrew G. Christy ,
Stuart J. Mills ,
Anthony R. Kampf ,
Robert M. Housley ,
Brent Thorne  and
Joe Marty
Andrew G. Christy*
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics & Engineering, Mills Rd, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
Stuart J. Mills
Affiliation:
Geosciences, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
Anthony R. Kampf
Affiliation:
Mineral Sciences Department, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
Robert M. Housley
Affiliation:
Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Brent Thorne
Affiliation:
53898 S. Newport Circle, Bountiful, UT 84010, USA
Joe Marty
Affiliation:
65199 E. Silver Oak Road, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
*
*E-mail: andrew.christy@anu.edu.au
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Abstract

An unusually diverse array of 25 secondary Te oxysalt minerals has been documented from Otto Mountain, California, and 18 of these from the Bird Nest drift sublocality. A paragenetic sequence for these minerals is proposed, using observed overgrowth relationships plus spatial association data and data from other localities. Apart from Te and O, the components Pb, Cu and H are essential in the majority of the minerals. The atomic Cu/Te ratio decreases through the paragenetic sequence. This, and the occurrence of minerals with additional components such as Cl–, CO32–, SO42– and Fe3+ at an intermediate stage, suggests nonmonotonic evolution of the parent fluids, reflecting differing access to or spatial distribution of various components. For the minerals with known crystal structures, two alternative 'structural units' were identified, one consisting only of the Te4+ or Te6+ oxyanion, while the other also included small, strongly-bound cations such as Cu2+. The degree of polymerization for the Te oxyanion correlated with the paragenetic sequence: the monomeric tellurate anions of early minerals were replaced progressively by dimers, chains and sheet structures, which may relate to a decreasing abundance of the 'network modifying' Cu2+ cation, analogous to Bowen's discontinuous reaction series in igneous rock-forming silicates. No relationship was seen between paragenetic order and the larger type of structural unit, or structural complexity as defined by information content. This contrasts with results in the literature for evaporite sulfates and pegmatite phosphates. While structure–paragenesis relationships may be widespread, the exact nature of such relationships may be different for different chemical systems and different paragenetic environments.

Keywords

TellurateTelluriteCrystal StructureParagenetic SequenceComplexitySecondary MineralsOtto MountainCalifornia
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 80 , Issue 2 , April 2016 , pp. 291 - 310
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2016

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