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A new interpretation of round embayments in quartz crystals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

C. H. Donaldson  and
C. M. B. Henderson
C. H. Donaldson
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST
C. M. B. Henderson
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL
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Abstract

The surfaces of quartz crystals that were partially dissolved in superheated, H2O-saturated rhyolite melt are covered with hemispherical embayments; each embayment is judged to have formed where a gas bubble in the melt approached the crystal. ‘Flux-line attack’ and ‘upward-drilling’ of the refractory lining of glass tanks are analogous processes. As a bubble nears a dissolving solid it enters a compositional boundary layer in the melt, resulting in melt of variable surface tension surrounding the bubble. This unstable situation results in small-scale convection of the melt about the bubble (Marangoni convection) which can cause locally enhanced dissolution rate of the solid. It is suggested that this mechanism could cause round embayments to form in quartz phenocrysts in acid volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks. Criteria by which embayed phenocrysts formed by dissolution can be distinguished from those formed by unstable growth are reviewed briefly.

Keywords

quartzmagmatic dissolutionembaymentcrystal-liquid interfacesurface tensionMarangoni convection
Type
Recent Developments in Experimental Petrology and Mineralogy
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 52 , Issue 364 , March 1988 , pp. 27 - 33
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1988

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