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The existence of reversible photosensitivity in some artificial materials containing rutile

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2018

W. O. Williamson
W. O. Williamson*
Affiliation:
Department of Pottery, North Staffordshire Technical College, Stoke-on-Trent
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Extract

In 1934 a contribution from America (Parmelee and Badger, p. 2) reported that a certain glaze, containing rutile, showed rapid reversible darkening in daylight. It was stated that C. H. Zwermann, Jr., ascribed this photosensitivity to titanium. In the present author's experience the phenomenon is often exhibited, in varying degrees, by commercial glazes based on rutile or on the purified titanium dioxide available in industry, as well as by glazes made up in the laboratory from chemical titanium dioxide of high purity. Lee, also in America, observed reversible darkening in sunlight in commercial titanium dioxide itself, and the existence of this effect was confirmed by Williamson (1937) for some brands of commercial titanium dioxide available in Britain. These brands were affected by daylight which had passed through glass, and some tentative suggestions were made regarding the mechanism of the reversible darkening. Later it was demonstrated (Williamson, 1939) that reversible darkening in daylight could be produced in a sample of titanium dioxide of considerable purity, which was itself not discoloured by light, by contamination with iron according to a special method.

Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical magazine and journal of the Mineralogical Society , Volume 25 , Issue 169 , June 1940 , pp. 513 - 528
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1940

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