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Higher-Order Structure of Human Chromosomes Observed by Electron Diffraction and Electron Tomography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2020

Misa Hayashida ,
Rinyaporn Phengchat ,
Marek Malac ,
Ken Harada ,
Tetsuya Akashi ,
Nobuko Ohmido  and
Kiichi Fukui
Misa Hayashida*
Affiliation:
Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M9, Canada
Rinyaporn Phengchat
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe657-8501, Japan
Marek Malac
Affiliation:
Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M9, Canada Department of Physics, University of Alberta, EdmontonT6G 2E1, Canada
Ken Harada
Affiliation:
Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Hatoyama, Saitama350-0395, Japan
Tetsuya Akashi
Affiliation:
Research & Development Group, HITACHI, Ltd., Hatoyama, Saitama350-0395, Japan
Nobuko Ohmido
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe657-8501, Japan
Kiichi Fukui
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
*
*Author for correspondence: Misa Hayashida, E-mail: misa.hayashida@ualberta.ca
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Abstract

It is well known that two DNA molecules are wrapped around histone octamers and folded together to form a single chromosome. However, the nucleosome fiber folding within a chromosome remains an enigma, and the higher-order structure of chromosomes also is not understood. In this study, we employed electron diffraction which provides a noninvasive analysis to characterize the internal structure of chromosomes. The results revealed the presence of structures with 100–200 nm periodic features directionally perpendicular to the chromosome axis in unlabeled isolated human chromosomes. We also visualized the 100–200 nm periodic features perpendicular to the chromosome axis in an isolated chromosome whose DNA molecules were specifically labeled with OsO4 using electron tomography in 300 keV and 1 MeV transmission electron microscopes.

Keywords

chromosomeselectron diffractionelectron tomographyTEM
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 27 , Issue 1 , February 2021 , pp. 149 - 155
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America

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Footnotes

a

Equally contributed to this work.

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