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Dye Surface Coating Enables Visible Light Activation of TiO2 Nanoparticles Leading to Degradation of Neighboring Biological Structures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2012

Jay Blatnik ,
Lanette Luebke ,
Stephanie Simonet ,
Megan Nelson ,
Race Price ,
Rachael Leek ,
Leyong Zeng ,
Aiguo Wu  and
Eric Brown
Jay Blatnik
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI 53190, USA
Lanette Luebke
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI 53190, USA
Stephanie Simonet
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI 53190, USA
Megan Nelson
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI 53190, USA
Race Price
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI 53190, USA
Rachael Leek
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI 53190, USA
Leyong Zeng
Affiliation:
Division of Functional Materials and Nano Devices, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
Aiguo Wu
Affiliation:
Division of Functional Materials and Nano Devices, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
Eric Brown*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI 53190, USA
*
Corresponding author. E-mail: browne@uww.edu
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Abstract

Biologically and chemically modified nanoparticles are gaining much attention as a new tool in cancer detection and treatment. Herein, we demonstrate that an alizarin red S (ARS) dye coating on TiO2 nanoparticles enables visible light activation of the nanoparticles leading to degradation of neighboring biological structures through localized production of reactive oxygen species. Successful coating of nanoparticles with dye is demonstrated through sedimentation, spectrophotometry, and gel electrophoresis techniques. Using gel electrophoresis, we demonstrate that visible light activation of dye-TiO2 nanoparticles leads to degradation of plasmid DNA in vitro. Alterations in integrity and distribution of nuclear membrane associated proteins were detected via fluorescence confocal microscopy in HeLa cells exposed to perinuclear localized ARS-TiO2 nanoparticles that were photoactivated with visible light. This study expands upon previous studies that indicated dye coatings on TiO2 nanoparticles can serve to enhance imaging, by clearly showing that dye coatings on TiO2 nanoparticles can also enhance the photoreactivity of TiO2 nanoparticles by allowing visible light activation. The findings of our study suggest a therapeutic application of dye-coated TiO2 nanoparticles in cancer research; however, at the same time they may reveal limitations on the use of dye assisted visualization of TiO2 nanoparticles in live-cell imaging.

Keywords

TiO2nanoparticlealizarin red s (ARS)dyecancerreactive oxygen speciesmembrane proteinsphotoactivation
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 18 , Issue 1 , February 2012 , pp. 134 - 142
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2012

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Footnotes

†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

References

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