Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-sh8wx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-17T00:01:38.704Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Get access

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Other
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1963

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Allee, W. C., Emerson, A. E., Park, O., Park, T., and Schmidt, K. P. 1949. Principles of Animal Ecology, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pa. (1)Google Scholar
Anderson, F. S. 1961. Effect of density on animal sex ratio. Oikos 12: 116. (12)10.2307/3565168Google Scholar
Balch, R. E. 1946. The spruce budworm and forest management in the Maritime Provinces. Can. Dept. Agr., Entomol. Div., Proc. Publ. No. 60. (3, 30)Google Scholar
Balch, R. E. 1952. The spruce budworm and aerial forest spraying. Can. Geographical J. 45: 200209. (39)Google Scholar
Balch, R. E. 1953. Current practices and future trends in forest insect control. Forestry Chronicle 29: 613. (36)10.5558/tfc29006-1Google Scholar
Balch, R. E., and Bird, F. T. 1944. A disease of the European spruce sawfly, Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.), and its place in natural control. Sci. Agr. 25: 6580. (6)Google Scholar
Balch, R. E., Veness, J. C., Atkinson, C. C., Howie, E. L., and McCormack, W. W. 1948. The Green River Project for the study of forest management in relation to spruce budworm control. Pulp & Paper Mag. of Can., October. (1)Google Scholar
Balch, R. E., Webb, F. E., and Fettes, J. J. 19551956. The use of aircraft in forest insect control. Forestry Abstr. 16(4) & 17(1&2). (Leading Article Series No. 23) (14, 39)Google Scholar
Baldwin, W. F., James, H. G., and Welch, H. E. 1955. A study of the predators of mosquito larvae and pupae with a radio-active tracer. Can. Entomologist 87: 350356. (36)Google Scholar
Baskerville, G. L., Hughes, E. L., and Loucks, O. L. 1960. Research by the Federal Forestry Branch in the Green River Project. Forestry Chronicle 36: 265277. (4)10.5558/tfc36265-3Google Scholar
Bean, J. L. 1961. Predicting emergence of second-instar spruce budworm larvae from hibernation under field conditions in Minnesota. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 54: 175177. (2,9)10.1093/aesa/54.2.175Google Scholar
Belyea, R. M. 1952. Death and deterioration of balsam fir weakened by spruce budworm defoliation in Ontario. Part II. An assessment of the role of associated insect species in the death of severely weakened trees. J. Forestry 50: 729738. (2)Google Scholar
Bennett, C. A., and Franklin, N. L. 1954. Statistical Analysis in Chemistry and the Chemical Industry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. (17)Google Scholar
Bergold, G. H. 1951. The polyhedral disease of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. J. Zool. 29: 1723. (38)Google Scholar
Bergold, G. H. 1958. Viruses of insects. In Handbuch der Virusforschung (Doerr, R. and Hallauer, C., eds.), Band IV (III Erg. Bd.), Springer, Vienna. (38)Google Scholar
Bess, H. A. 1945. A measure of the influence of natural mortality factors on insect survival. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 38: 472481. (34)10.1093/aesa/38.4.472Google Scholar
Bess, H. A. 1946. Staminate flowers and spruce budworm abundance. Can. Dept. Agr., Forest Insect Invest., Bi-Monthly Progr. Rept. 2(2): 34. (31)Google Scholar
Birch, L. C. 1960. The genetic factor in population ecology. Am. Naturalist 94: 524. (10)10.1086/282105Google Scholar
Bird, F. T., and Whalen, M. M. 1954. A nuclear and a cytoplasmic polyhedral virus disease of the spruce budworm. Can. J. Zool. 32: 8286. (38)10.1139/z54-010Google Scholar
Blais, J. R. 1952. The relationship of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) to the flowering condition of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.). Can. J. Zool. 30: 129. (2, 10, 13, 31)Google Scholar
Blais, J. R. 1953. Effects of the destruction of the current year's foliage of balsam fir on the fecundity and habits of flight of the spruce budworm. Can. Entomologist 85: 446448. (13, 14, 33)10.4039/Ent85446-12Google Scholar
Blais, J. R. 1957. Some relationships of the spruce budworm to black spruce. Forestry Chronicle 33: 364372. (9, 32)10.5558/tfc33364-4Google Scholar
Blais, J. R. 1958. Effects of 1956 spring and summer temperatures on spruce budworm populations in the Gaspé Peninsula. Can. Entomologist 90: 354361. (8, 20, 28, 30)10.4039/Ent90354-6Google Scholar
Blais, J. R. 1959. The incidence of overwintering parasites in the post-outbreak populations of the spruce budworm in Gaspé. Can. Dept. Agr., Forest Biol. Div., Bi-Monthly Progr. Rept. 15(6): 12. (34)Google Scholar
Blais, J. R. 1960. Spruce budworm parasite investigations in the lower St. Lawrence and Gaspé regions of Quebec. Can. Entomologist 92: 384396. (34)10.4039/Ent92384-5Google Scholar
Blais, J. R. 1961. Aerial application of insecticides and the suppression of incipient spruce budworm outbreaks. Forestry Chronicle 37: 203210. (29, 40)10.5558/tfc37203-3Google Scholar
Brian, M. V., and Brian, A. D. 1951. Insolation and ant population in the west of Scotland. Trans. Roy. Ent. Soc. London 102: 303330. (35)Google Scholar
Brown, A. W. A. 1951. Insect Control by Chemicals. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York N. Y. (22)10.1097/00010694-195111000-00013Google Scholar
Brown, N. R. 1946. Studies on parasites of the spruce budworm, Archips fumiferana (Clem.) I. Life history of Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Can. Entomologist 78: 121129. (34)Google Scholar
Campbell, D. K. 1953. Ecological factors influencing diapause in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Tortricidae). M. A. Thesis. Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver. (2)Google Scholar
Campbell, I. M. 1953. Morphological differences between the pupae and egg clusters of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) and C. pinus Free. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Can. Entomologist 85: 134135. (2)10.4039/Ent85134-4Google Scholar
Campbell, I. M. 1961. Polygyny in Choristoneura Led. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Entomologist 93: 11601162. (2)10.4039/Ent931160-12Google Scholar
Canada Department of Agriculture, Forest Biology Division. 1943 to 1958. Forest Insect Survey Ann. Repts. (30)Google Scholar
Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys. 1957. Geogr. Branch, Ottawa. Atlas of Canada, Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Can. (4)Google Scholar
Carolin, V. M., and Coulter, W. K. 1959. The occurrence of insect parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) in Oregon. J. Econ. Entomol. 52: 550555. (34)10.1093/jee/52.4.550Google Scholar
Cawthray, W. E. 1950. Investigations on the flowering history of balsam fir in relation to development of spruce budworm outbreaks. Forest Insect Lab., Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., Ann. Tech. Rept. (31)Google Scholar
Cheshire, W. F. 1959. A preliminary report on the responses of birds to the Green River spruce budworm infestations, 1949 to 1958 inclusive. Can. Dept. Agr., Forest Biol. Div., Green River Ann. Rept., 1958. Fredericton, N.B. (9)Google Scholar
Chitty, D. 1960. Population processes in the vole and their relevance to general theory. Can. J. Zool. 38: 99113. (38)10.1139/z60-011Google Scholar
Clark, J., and Barter, G. W. 1958. Growth and climate in relation to dieback of yellow birch. Forest Sci. 4: 343364. (30)Google Scholar
Clemens, B. 1865. Tortrix? Fumiferana. In North America Microlepidoptera, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Philadelphia 5: 133147. (2)Google Scholar
Comstock, J. H. 1948. The Spider Book, (revised ed.). Comstock Publ. Co., Ithaca N.Y. (36)Google Scholar
Cope, O. B. 1961. Effects of DDT spraying for spruce budworm on fish in the Yellowstone River system. Trans. Am. Fisheries Soc. 90: 239251. (39)10.1577/1548-8659(1961)90[239:EODSFS]2.0.CO;2Google Scholar
Coppel, H. C. 1946. The collection of spruce budworm parasites in British Columbia with notes on their overwintering habits. In 77th Ann. Rept. Entomol. Soc. Ontario. (39)Google Scholar
Coppel, H. C., and Maw, M. G. 1954. Studies of the dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) IV. Madremyia saundersii (Will.) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Can. J. Zool. 32: 314323. (34)10.1139/z54-029Google Scholar
Crosby, D. 1948. A study in certain functions involved in the initiation and production of staminate flowers in the northeast. M.F. Thesis. Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn., U.S.A. (31)Google Scholar
Davis, J. M., and Elliott, K. R. 1953. A rapid method for estimating aerial spray deposits. J. Econ. Entomol. 46: 696697. (39)Google Scholar
Davis, J. M., Waters, W. E., Isler, D. A., Martineau, R., and Marsh, J. W. 1956. Experimental airplane spraying for spruce budworm. J.Econ. Entomol. 49: 338341. (39)10.1093/jee/49.3.338Google Scholar
DeBach, P. 1946. An insecticidal check method for measuring the efficacy of entomophagous insects. J. Econ. Entomol. 39: 695697. (36)10.1093/jee/39.6.695Google Scholar
de Gryse, J. J. 1944. The spruce budworm in eastern Canada. Can. Lumberman, 64. (3)Google Scholar
de Gryse, J. J. 1947. Noxious forest insects and their control. Can. Yearbook 1947, Dept. Trade Com. (3)Google Scholar
Dempster, J. P. 1957. The population dynamics of the Moroccan locust. Anti-Locust Bull. No. 27. (29)Google Scholar
Dempster, J. P. 1960. A quantitative study of the predators on the eggs and larvae of the broom beetle, Phytodecta olivacea Forster, using the precipitin test. J.Animal Ecol. 29: 149167. (36)10.2307/2275Google Scholar
Dowden, P. B. 1961. Endemic populations of the spruce budworm in the Adirondacks. J. Econ. Entomol. 54: 811812. (40)Google Scholar
Dowden, P. B., Buchanan, W. D., and Carolin, V. M. 1948. Natural control factors affecting the spruce budworm. J. Econ. Entomol. 41: 457464. (34)Google Scholar
Dowden, P. B., and Carolin, V. M. 1950. Natural control factors affecting the spruce budworm in the Adirondacks during 1946-48. J. Econ. Entomol. 43: 774783. (34)Google Scholar
Downe, A. E. R., and West, A. S. 1954. Progress in the use of the precipitin test in entomological studies. Can. Entomologist 86: 181185. (36)10.4039/Ent86181-4Google Scholar
Edwards, D. K. 1959. A photographic method for recording activity and behaviour in a group of small animals. Nature 183: 625626. (10)10.1038/183625a0Google Scholar
Elliott, K. R. 1960. A history of recent infestations of the spruce budworm in northwestern Ontario, and an estimate of resultant timber losses. Forestry Chronicle 36: 6182. (33)10.5558/tfc36061-1Google Scholar
Escherich, K. 1914. Die Forstinsekten Mitteleuropas. Band I. Verlagsbuchhandlung. Paul Parey, Berlin, Germany. (36)Google Scholar
Feller, W. 1940. On the logistic law of growth and its empirical verifications in biology. Acta Biotheoretica 5: 5166. (10)Google Scholar
Fettes, J. J. 1950. Investigations of sampling techniques for population studies of the spruce budworm on balsam fir in Ontario. Forest Insect Lab. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., Ann. Tech. Rept. (14)Google Scholar
Fettes, J. J. 1960. Control of the spruce budworm by aircraft spraying and the hazard to aquatic fauna. Can. Dept. Agr., Forest Biol. Div., Bi-Monthly Progr. Rept. 16(1): 12. (39)Google Scholar
Finlayson, Thelma. 1960. Taxonomy of cocoons and puparia, and their contents, of Canadian parasites of Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Can. Entomologist 92: 922941. (34)10.4039/Ent92922-12Google Scholar
Franz, J. 1949. Über die genetischen Grundlagen des Zusammenbruchs einer Massenvermehrung aus innerem Ursachen. Z. angew Entomol. 3: 228260. (38)Google Scholar
Freeman, T. N. 1947a. A new generic assignment for Archips fumiferana (Clemens), the spruce budworm (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Can. Entomologist 79: 21. (2)10.4039/Ent7921-2Google Scholar
Freeman, T. N. 1947b. The external anatomy of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Can. Entomologist 79: 2131. (2)Google Scholar
Freeman, T. N. 1953. The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), and an allied new species on pine (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Entomologist 85: 121127. (2)10.4039/Ent85121-4Google Scholar
Freeman, T. N. 1958. The Archipinae of North America (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Entomologist, Suppl. 7. (2)Google Scholar
Friend, W. G. 1958. Nutritional requirements of phytophagous insects. Ann. Rev. Ent. 3: 5774. (13)10.1146/annurev.en.03.010158.000421Google Scholar
Gertsch, W. J. 1949. American Spiders. D. van Nostrand Co., New York, N.Y. (36)10.5962/bhl.title.20055Google Scholar
Ghent, A. W. 1958. Mortality of overstory trembling aspen in relation to outbreaks of the forest tent caterpillar and spruce budworm. Ecology 39: 222232. (30)10.2307/1931867Google Scholar
Graham, S. A. 1939a. Principles of Forest Entomology. The McGraw Hill Book Co., New-York, N.Y. (36)Google Scholar
Graham, S. A. 1939b. Forest insect populations. Ecol. Monogr. 9: 301310. (28)Google Scholar
Graham, S. A. 1956. Hazard rating of stands containing balsam fir according to expected injury by spruce budworm. Mich. Univ., Dept. Forestry, School of Natural Resources, Mich. Forestry 13. (30)Google Scholar
Greenbank, D. O. 1956. The role of climate and dispersal in the initiation of outbreaks of the spruce budworm in New Brunswick. 1. The role of climate. Can. J. Zool. 34: 453476. (3, 10, 13, 28, 30, 31)10.1139/z56-048Google Scholar
Greenbank, D. O. 1957. The role of climate and dispersal in the initiation of outbreaks of the spruce budworm in New Brunswick. 2. The role of dispersal. Can. J. Zool. 35: 385403. (3, 14, 30)10.1139/z57-029Google Scholar
Hald, A. 1952. Statistical Theory with Engineering Applications. John wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y. (17)Google Scholar
Hall, R. R., Downe, A. E. R., MacLellan, C. R., and West, A. S. 1953. Evaluation of insect predator-prey relationships by precipitin test studies. Mosquito News 13: 199204. (36)Google Scholar
Harvey, G. T. 1957. The occurrence and nature of diapause-free development in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. J. Zool. 35: 549572. (2)10.1139/z57-047Google Scholar
Harvey, G. T. 1961. Second diapause in spruce budworm from eastern Canada. Can. Entomologist 93: 594602. (2)Google Scholar
Henson, W. R. 1950. The means of dispersal of the spruce budworm. Ph.D. Thesis. Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn. (9, 14, 29)Google Scholar
Hewitt, C. G. 1912. Some of the work of the Division of Entornology in 1911. In 42nd Ann. Rept. Entomol. Soc. Ontario. (34)Google Scholar
Hickey, J. J., and Hunt, L. B. 1960. Initial songbird mortality disease control program. J. Wildlife Mgt. 24: 259265. (39)Google Scholar
Hoffmann, C. H., and Drooz, A. T. 1957. Effects of a C-47 airplane application of DDT on fish-food organisms in two Pennsylvania watersheds. Am. Midland Naturalist 50: 172188. (39)10.2307/2422162Google Scholar
Holling, C. S. 1959a. The components of predation as revealed by a study of small-mammal predation of the European pine sawfly. Can. Entomologist 97: 293320. (18, 35)10.4039/Ent91293-5Google Scholar
Holling, C. S. 1959b. Some characteristics of simple types of predation and parasitism. Can. Entomologist 91: 385398. (10, 37)Google Scholar
Holling, C. S. 1961. Principles of insect predation. Ann. Rev. Entomol 6: 163182. (35, 37)Google Scholar
Howard, L. O., and Fiske, W. F. 1911. The importation into the United States of the parasites of the gipsy moth and the browntail moth. U. S. Dept, Agr., Bur. Entomol. Bull. 91. (34)Google Scholar
Hunt, L. B. 1960. Songbird breeding populations in DDT-sprayed Dutch elm disease communities. J. Wildlife Mgt. 24: 139146. (39)Google Scholar
Hurtig, H., Fettes, J. J., Randall, A. P., and Hopewell, W. W. 1953. A field investigation of the relation between the amount of DDT deposited, the physical properties of the spray and its toxicity to lanae of the spruce budworm. Can. Defence Res. Bd., Suffield Expt. Sta. Rept. No. 176. (39)Google Scholar
Hurtig, H., and Rayner, A. C. 1953. The contact and residual toxicity of DDT solutions to second-instar larvae of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). Can. Defence Res. Bd., Suffield Expt. Sta. Tech. Paper No. 27. (21)Google Scholar
Ide, F. P. 1956. Effects of forest spraying with DDT on aquatic insects of salmon streams. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 86: 208219. (39)10.1577/1548-8659(1956)86[208:EOFSWD]2.0.CO;2Google Scholar
Jacques, R. P. 1961. The influence of physical stress on growth and nuclear polyhedrosis of Trichoplusia ni (Hübner). J. Insect Pathol. 3: 4754. (38)Google Scholar
Jaynes, H. A., and Drooz, A. T. 1952. The importance of parasites in the spruce budworm infestations in New York and Maine. J. Econ. Entomol. 15: 10571061. (8, 34)Google Scholar
Jaynes, H. A., and Speers, C. G. 1949. Biological and ecological studies of the spruce budworm. J. Econ. Entomol. 42: 221225. (13, 31)Google Scholar
Johnson, W. L. 1956. Personal communication. (30)Google Scholar
Kendeigh, S. C. 1947. Bird population studies in the coniferous forest biome during a spruce budworm outbreak. Oniario Dept. Lands & Forests, Diu. of Research, Biol. Bull. 1. (37)Google Scholar
Kerswill, C. J., Elson, P. F., Keenleyside, M. H. A., and Sprague, J. B. 1960. Effects on young salmon of forest spraying with DDT. U. S. Pub. Hialth Serv., Tech. Rept. W60.3. (39)Google Scholar
Kerswill, C. J., Elson, P. F., Keenleyside, M. H. A., and Sprague, J. B. 1960. Effects on young salmon of forest spraying with DDT. Atlantic Adaocate 48: 6568. 1958.Google Scholar
Kerswill, C. J., Elson, P. F., Keenleyside, M. H. A., and Sprague, J. B. 1960. Effects on young salmon of forest spraying with DDT. Can. Dept. Fisheries, Trade News 9: 515. 1956.Google Scholar
Kerswill, C. J., Elson, P. F., Keenleyside, M. H. A., and Sprague, J. B. 1960. Effects on young salmon of forest spraying with DDT. Fisheries Res. Bd., Atlantic Progr. Rept. 62-17-23.Google Scholar
Kluyver, H. N., and Tinbergen, L. 1953. Territory and the regulation of density in titmice. Arch. Néerl. Zool. 70: 265289. (37)Google Scholar
Legay, J. M. 1958. Recent advances in silkworm nutrition. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 3: 7586. (13)Google Scholar
Lewis, F. B. 1960. Facrors affecting the assessment of parasitization by Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. and Glypta fumiferanae (Vier.) on spruce budworm larvae. Can. Entomologist 92: 881891. (34)10.4039/Ent92881-12Google Scholar
Loucks, O. L. 1961. A forest classification for the Maritime Provinces. Proc. Nova Scotia Inst. Sci. 25: 86167. (4)Google Scholar
Loucks, O. L., Baskerville, G. L., and Mott, D. G. 1960. Studies of climate variations in relation to topography at Green River. Can. Dept. Forestry, Forest Res. Branch, Fredericton N. B., Progr. Rept. (4, 30, 38)Google Scholar
Lund, H. O. 1934. Some temperature and humidity relations of two races of Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 27: 324340. (10)Google Scholar
Macdonald, D. R. 1959. Biological assessment of aerial forest spraying against spruce budworm in New Brunswick. III. Effects on two overwintering parasites. Can. Entomologist 91: 330336. (34, 39)10.4039/Ent91330-6Google Scholar
MacKay, M. R. 1953. The larvae of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) and C. pinus Free. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Entomologist 85: 128133. (2)Google Scholar
MacLulich, D. A. 1951. A new technique of animal census, with examples. J. Mammalogy 32: 318328. (14)Google Scholar
Maw, M. G., and Coppel, H. C. 1953. Studies of dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). II. Phryxe pecosensis (Tns.) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Can. J. Zool. 31: 392403. (34)Google Scholar
McGugan, B. M. 1954. Needle-mining habits and larval instars of the spruce budworm. Can. Entomologist 86: 439454. (2, 9, 31)10.4039/Ent86439-10Google Scholar
McGugan, B. M. 1955. Certain host-parasite relationships involving the spruce budworm. Can. Entomologist 87: 178187. (2, 12, 34)Google Scholar
McGugan, B. M., and Blais, J. R. 1959. Spruce budworm parasite studies in northwestern Ontario. Can. Entomologist 91: 758783. (34, 39)Google Scholar
Miller, C. A. 1953. Parasitism of spruce budworm eggs by Trichogramma minutum Riley. Can. Dept. Agr., Forest Biol. Div., Bi-Monthly Progr. Rept. 9(4): 1. (34)Google Scholar
Miller, C. A. 1955. A technique for assessing spruce budworm larval mortality caused by parasites. Can. J. Zool. 33: 517. (2, 34, 39)10.1139/z55-002Google Scholar
Miller, C. A. 1957. A technique for estimating the fecundity of natural populations of the spruce budworm. Can. J. Zool. 35: 113. (8, 13)Google Scholar
Miller, C. A. 1958. The measurement of spruce budworm populations and mortality during the first and second larval instars. Can. J. Zool. 36: 409422. (2, 9, 31, 34)10.1139/z58-035Google Scholar
Miller, C. A. 1959. The interaction of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), and the parasite Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. Can. Entomologist 91: 457477. (10, 34)Google Scholar
Miller, C. A. 1960. The interaction of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), and the parasite Glypta fumiferanae (Vier.). Can. Entomologist 92: 839850. (10, 34)Google Scholar
Miller, C. A., and Macdonald, D. R. 1961. The Green River Project–spruce budworm studies. Can. Dept. Forestry, Forest Entomol. & Pathol. Branch, Bi-Monthly Progr. Rept. 17(4): 1. (18,34)Google Scholar
Morris, R. F. 1948. Green River Project–summary of entomological investigations in 1947. Can. Dept. Agr., Forest Insect Invest., Bi-Monthly Progr. Rept. 4(1): 12. (35)Google Scholar
Morris, R. F. 1951. The effects of flowering on the foliage production and growth of balsam fir. Forestry Chronicle 27: 4057. (31, 33)Google Scholar
Morris, R. F. 1954. A sequential sampling technique for spruce budworm egg surveys. Can. J. Zool. 32: 302313. (6, 17)Google Scholar
Morris, R. F. 1955. The development of sampling techniques for forest insect defoliators, with particular reference to the spruce budworm. Can. J. Zool. 33: 225294. (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 26, 29, 31, 33, 36, 40)10.1139/z55-015Google Scholar
Morris, R. F. 1957. The interpretation of mortality data in studies on population dynamics. Can. Entomologist 89: 4969. (6, 7, 34, 38)10.4039/Ent8949-2Google Scholar
Morris, R. F. 1958. A review of the important insects affecting the spruce-fir forest in the Maritime Provinces. Forestry Chronicle 34: 159189. (3, 30, 32, 40)Google Scholar
Morris, R. F. 1959. Single-factor analysis in population dynamics. Ecology 40: 580588. (1, 7, 18, 34)Google Scholar
Morris, R. F. 1960. Sampling insect populations. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 5: 243264. (29)Google Scholar
Morris, R. F., and Bishop, R. L. 1951. A method of rapid forest survey for mapping vulnerability to spruce budworm damage. Forestry Chronicle 27: 171178. (30, 40)10.5558/tfc27171-2Google Scholar
Morris, R. F., Cheshire, W. F., Miller, C. A., and Mott, D. G. 1958. The numerical response of avian and mammalian predators during a gradation of the spruce budworm. Ecology 39: 487494. (10, 18, 35, 37, 39)Google Scholar
Morris, R. F., and Miller, C. A. 1954. The development of life tables for the spruce budworm. Can. J. Zool. 32: 283301. (1, 2, 38)Google Scholar
Morris, R. F., Redmond, D. R., Vincent, A. B., Howie, E. L., and Hudson, D. W. 1955. The Green River Project–a decade of forestry research. Pulp & Paper Mag. Can., August. (1)Google Scholar
Morris, R. F., Webb, F. E., and Bennett, C. W. 1956. A method of phenological survey for use in forest insect studies. Can. J. Zool. 34: 533540. (4, 30, 32)Google Scholar
Mors, H. 1942. In Die Nonne in Ostpreussen, (1933-1937). (Editor Wellenstein, G.) Monograph, angew. Entomol. 15: 1682. (13)Google Scholar
Mott, D. G. 1960. The effects of aerial application of DDT on certain birds and mammals in northwestern New Brunswick. Forest Biology Lab., Fredericton, N.B., Green River Proj.,unpub. 1959 Ann. Rept. (39)Google Scholar
Mott, D. G. 1961. Preliminary assessment of operational and experimental aerial spraying against spruce budworm in New Brunswick in 1961. Dept. Forestry, Forest Entomal. & Pathol. Lab., Fredericton, N.B., Mirneo. Rept. (32)Google Scholar
Mott, D. G., Angus, T. A., Heimpel, A. M., and Fisher, R. A. 1961. Aerial spraying of Thuricide against spruce budworm in New Brunswick. Dept. Forestry, Forest Entomol. & Pathol. Branch, Bi-Monthly Progr. Rept. 17 (3): 2. (39)Google Scholar
Mott, D. G., Nairn, L. D., and Cook, J. A. 1957. Radial growth in forest trees and effects of insect defoliation. Forest Sci. 3: 286304. (33)Google Scholar
Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V., and Townes, H. K. 1951. Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico. U. S. Dept, Agr. Monogr. 2. (34)Google Scholar
New Brunswick Department of Lands and Mines. 1958. New Brunswick Forest Inventory. (30.32)Google Scholar
Nicholson, A. J. 1954. An outline of the dynamics of animal populations. Australian J. Zool. 2: 965. (40)Google Scholar
Pearl, R. 1930. Requirements of a proof that natural selection has altered a race. Scientia 47: 175186. (16)Google Scholar
Pearl, R. 1940. Introduction to Medical Biometry and Statistics. (3rd ed.) W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pa. (2)Google Scholar
Pointing, P. J. 1961. The biology and behaviour of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), in southern Ontario. 1. Adult. Can. Entomologist 93: 10981112. (12)Google Scholar
Prahdan, S. 1949. Studies on the toxicity of insecticide films. Bull. Entomol. Research 40: 1–25, 239–265, 431444. (39)10.1017/S0007485300022884Google Scholar
Prebble, M. L. 1954. Review of forest entomology in Canada, 1948-1953. Rept. Sixth Cotmmonw. Entomal. Conf., London, 1954. pp. 206224. (31)Google Scholar
Prebble, M. L. 1960. Interdepartmental committees on forest spraying operations. Can, Dept. Agr., Forest Biol. Div., Bi-Monthly Progr. Rept. 16(1): 1. (39)Google Scholar
Quenouille, M. H. 1952, Associated Measurements. ButterWorth Scientific Publications, London. (15)Google Scholar
Richards, O. W. 1961. The theoretical and practical study of natural insect populations. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 6: 147162. (1, 40)Google Scholar
Ricker, W. E. 1954. Stock and recruitment. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 11: 559623. (18, 40)Google Scholar
Rose, A. H., and Blais, J. R. 1954. A relation between April and May temperatures and spruce budworm larval emergence. Can. Entomologist 86: 174177. (2)Google Scholar
Rowe, J. S. 1959. Forest regions of Canada. Dept. Northern Affairs and National Resources, Ottawa, Forestry Branch Bull. 123. (4, 5)Google Scholar
Rudd, R. L., and Genelly, R. E. 1956. Pesticides: their use and toxicity in relation to wild-life. California Dept. Fish & Game Mgt., Game Bull. No. 7. (39)Google Scholar
Russell, M. D. 1956. Personal communication. (30)Google Scholar
Savoury, T. H. 1928. The Biology of Spiders. MacMillan Co., New York, N.Y. (36)Google Scholar
Schaffner, J. V. 1959. Microlepidoptera and their parasites reared from field collections in the northeastern United States. U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Serv., Misc. publ. 767. (34)Google Scholar
Shepherd, R. F. 1959. Phytosociological and environmental characteristics of outbreak and non-outbreak areas of the two-year cycle spruce budworm, Charistoneura fumiferana. Ecology 40: 608620. (18. 18, 30)Google Scholar
Shepherd, R. F. 1961. A comparison of the developmental rates of one- and two-year cycle spruce budworm. Can. Entomologist 93: 764771. (2)Google Scholar
Smith, C. C. 1955. Tests of residual effect of DDT on newly hatched spruce budworm larvae. Can. Dept. Agr., Forest Biol. Div., Bi-Monthly Progr. Rept. 11 (2): 1. (21)Google Scholar
Smith, F. E. 1961. Density dependence in the Australian thrips. Ecology 42: 403407. (40)Google Scholar
Smith, S. G. 1945. The diagnosis of sex by means of heteropyenosis. Sci. Agr. 25: 566571. (12)Google Scholar
Stairs, G. R. 1960. On the embryology of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Can. Entomologist 92: 147154. (2)Google Scholar
Stark, R. W. 1961. Notes on the parasite complex of Evagora (Recurvaria) starki Freeman in Canadian Rocky Mountain parks. Can. J. Zool. 39: 893904. (34)Google Scholar
Stehr, G. 1954. A laboratory method for rearing the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Entomologist 86: 423428. (2, 11)10.4039/Ent86423-9Google Scholar
Stehr, G. 1955. Brown female–a sex-lined and sex-limited character in the spruce budworm. J. Heredity 46: 263266. (2)10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106573Google Scholar
Stehr, G. 1959. Hemolymph polymorphism in a moth and the nature of sex-controlled inheritance. Evolution 13: 537560. (2, 38)Google Scholar
Steinhaus, E. A. 1954. The effects of disease on insect populations. Hilgardia 21: 197261. (18)Google Scholar
Steinhaus, E. A. 1958. Stress as a factor in insect disease. Proc. X Intern. Congr. Entomol., Montreal, 1956, 4: 725730. (38)Google Scholar
Stern, V. M., and Smith, R. F. 1960. Factors affecting egg production and oviposition in populations of Colias philodice eurytheme Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Hilgardia 29: 411454. (12)Google Scholar
Stultz, H. T. 1955. The influence of spray programmes on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia. VIII. Narural enemies of the eye-spotted bud moth, Spiolonota ocellana. (D.&S.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Can. Entomologist 87: 7985. (34)Google Scholar
Swaine, J. M. 1928. Forest entomology and its development in canada. Can. Dept. Agr. Pamphlet No. 97. (28)Google Scholar
Swaine, J. M., and Craighead, F. c. 1924. Studies on the spruce budworm. Can. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 37. (3. 30. 32)Google Scholar
Sweetman, H. L. 1936. Biological control of Insects. Comstock Publishing co., Inc., Ithaca, New York, N.Y. (36)Google Scholar
Tanada, Y. 1956. Some factors affecting the susceptibility of the armyworm to virus infections. J. Econ. Entomol. 49: 5257. (38)Google Scholar
Taschenberg, E. F., and Avens, A. W. 1960. DDT deposits on grapes as affected by growth and wearhering. J. Econ. Entomol. 53: 269276. (39)Google Scholar
Telfer, W. H., and Williams, C. M. 1953. Immunological studies of insect metamorphosis. I. Qualitative and quantitative description of the blood antigens of the Cecropia silk-worm. J. Gen. Physiol. 36: 389413. (36)Google Scholar
Terrell, T. T. 1959. Sampling populations of overwintering spruce budworm in the northern Rocky Mountain region. U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Seia., Intermountain Forest & Range Expt. Sta., Ogden, Utah, Research Note No. 61. (2)Google Scholar
Terrell, T. T. 1960. Survival of spruce budworm larvae in unseasonal low temperatures in Montana, 1960. U. S. Dept. Agr., Intermountain Forest & Range Erpt. sta., Mimeo. Rept., March. (9)Google Scholar
Thompson, C. G. 1959. Thermal inhibition of certain polyhedrosis virus diseases. J. Insect Pathol. 1: 189192. (38)Google Scholar
Thompson, W. R. 1928. A. contribution to the study of biological control and parasite introduction into continental areas. Parasitology 20: 90112, (34)Google Scholar
Thompson, W. R. 1955. Mortality factors acting in a sequence. Can. Entomologist 87: 264275. (34)Google Scholar
Thomson, H. M. 1955. Perezid fumiferanae n. sp., a new species of Microsporidia from the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). J. Parasitology 41: 416423. (38)Google Scholar
Thomson, H. M. 1958a. Some aspects of the epidemiology of a microiporidian parasite of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferani (Clem.). Can. J. Zool. 36: 309316. (38)Google Scholar
Thomson, H. M. 1958b. The effect of a microsporidian parasite on the development, reproduction and mortality of the spruce budworm, choristoneura fumiferana (Clam.). Can. J. Zool. 36: 499511. (38)10.1139/z58-045Google Scholar
Thomson, H. M. 1960. The possible control of a budworm infestation by a microsooridian disease. Can. Dept. Agr., Forest Biol. Div., Bi-Monthly Progr. Rept. 16(4): 1. (38)Google Scholar
Tinbergen, L. 1960. The natural control of insects in pinewoods. I. Facrors influencing the intensity of predation by songbirds. Arch. Néer.Zool. 13: 265343. (35, 37)Google Scholar
Tinbergen, L., and Klomp, H. 1960. The natural control of insects in pinewoods. II. Conditions for damping of Nicholson oscillations in parasite-hort systems. Arch. Néer. Zool. 13: 344379. (35)Google Scholar
Tothill, J. D. 1922. Notes on the outbreaks of spruce budworm, forest tent caterpillar, and larch sawfly in New Brunswick. Proc. Acadian Entomol. Soc. for 1922, No. 8: 172182. (3)Google Scholar
Turnbull, A. L. 1960a. The prey of the spider Linyphia triangularis (Clerck) (Araneae, Linyphiidae). Can. J. Zool. 38: 859874. (36)Google Scholar
Turnbull, A. L. 1960b. The spider population of a stand of oak (Quercus robur L.) in Wytham Wood, Berks., Englind. Can. Entomologist 92: 110124. (36)Google Scholar
Turnbull, A. L., and Chant, D. A. 1961. The practice and theory of biological control of insects in Canada. Can. J. Zool. 39: 697753, (34)Google Scholar
Turner, K. B. 1952. The relation of mortality of balsam fir caused by the spruce budworm to foresc composition in the Algoma foiest of Ontario. Can. Dept. Agr., Publ. 875. (30, 32)Google Scholar
van Steenburgh, W. E. 1934. Trichogramma minutum Riley as a parasite of the oriental fruir moth (Laspeyresis molesta Busik) in Ontario. Can. J. Research 10: 287314. (8)Google Scholar
Varley, G. C. 1947. The natural control of population balance in the knapweed gall-fly. J. Animal Ecol. 76: 139187. (34)10.2307/1493Google Scholar
Varley, G. C. 1953. Ecological aspects of population regulation. Trans. IX Intern. Congr. Entomol. 2: 210214. (34)Google Scholar
Vité, J. P. 1953. Untersuchungen über die ökologische und forstliche Bedeutung der spinnen im Walde. Z. angew. Entomol. 34: 313334. (36)Google Scholar
Wallis, R. C. 1957. Incidence of polyhedrosis of gypsy moth larvae and the influence of relative humidity. J. Econ. Entomol. 50: 580583. (38)Google Scholar
Watt, K. E. F. 1959. A mathematical model for the effect of densities of attacked and attacking species on the number attacked. Can. Entomologist 91: 129144. (10, 34, 35)Google Scholar
Watt, K. E. F. 1961. Mathematical models for use in insect pest control. Can. Entomologist 93, Suppl. 19. (1, 6, 9, 11, 15, 34)Google Scholar
Watt, K. E. F. 1962. Use of mathematics in population ecology. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 7. In press. (6)Google Scholar
Webb, F. E. 1955. Biological assessment of aerial forest spraying against the spruce budworm in New Brunswick. I. Timing of operations, 1952–54. Forestry Chronicle 31: 342352. (5, 39)Google Scholar
Webb, F. E. 1956. Aerial spraying against spruce budworm in New Brunswick–1955. Can. Dept. Agr., Forest Biol. Div., Bi-Monthly Progr. Rept. 12(2): 12. (39)Google Scholar
Webb, F. E. 1957. Aerial spraying against spruce budworm in New Brunswick–1956. Can. Dept. Agr., Forest Biol. Div., Bi-Monthly Progr. Rept. 13(3): 12. (39)Google Scholar
Webb, F. E. 1958. Biological assessment of aerial forest spraying against the spruce budworm in New Brunswick. II. A review of the period 1952–1956. Proc. X Intern. Congr. Entomol, Montreal, 1956, 4: 303316. (2, 5, 22, 26, 39)Google Scholar
Webb, F. E. 1959. Aerial chemical control of forest insects with reference to the Canadian situation. Can. Fish Culturist 24: 316. (5)Google Scholar
Webb, F. E. 1960. Aerial forest spraying against spruce budworm–a problem of mutual interest in Canada and the United States. J. Econ. Entomol. 53: 631633. (26, 39)10.1093/jee/53.4.631Google Scholar
Webb, F. E., Blais, J. R., and Nash, R. W. 1961. A cartographic history of spruce budworm outbreaks and aerial forest spraying in the Atlantic region of North America, 1949–1959. Can. Entomologist 93: 360379. (3, 5, 22)Google Scholar
Webb, F. E., Macdonald, D. R., and Cameron, D. G. 1958. Aerial spraying against spruce budworm in New Brunswick–1957. Can. Dept. Agr., Forest Biol. Div., Bi-Monthly Progr. Rept. 14(3): 12. (39)Google Scholar
Webb, F. E., Macdonald, D. R., and Cameron, D. G. 1959. Aerial spraying against spruce budworm in New Brunswick–1958. Can. Dept. Agr., Forest Biol. Div., Bi-Monthly Progr. Rept. 15(1): 12. (34)Google Scholar
Wellington, W. G. 1948. The light reactions of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Entomologist 80: 5682A. (2, 29, 31)Google Scholar
Wellington, W. G. 1949a. The effects of temperature and moisture upon the behaviour of the spruce budworm. I. The relative importance of graded temperatures and rates of evaporation in producing aggregations of larvae. Sci. Agr. 29: 201215. (28, 30)Google Scholar
Wellington, W. G. 1949b. The effects of temperature and moisture upon the behaviour of the spruce budworm. II. The responses of larvae to gradients of evaporation. Sci. Agr. 29: 216229. (28, 30)Google Scholar
Wellington, W. G. 1950a. Variations in the silk-spinning and locomotor activities of larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), at different rates of evaporation. Trans. Roy. Soc. Can. 44: 89101. (2, 18, 21, 28, 30)Google Scholar
Wellington, W. G. 1950b. Effects of radiation on the temperatures of insect habitats. Sci. Agr. 30: 209234. (28, 30, 31)Google Scholar
Wellington, W. G. 1954. Atmospheric circulation processes and insect ecology. Can. Entomologist 86: 312333. (28)Google Scholar
Wellington, W. G. 1957. Individual differences as a factor in population dynamics: the development of a problem. Can. J. Zool. 35: 293323. (22, 38)Google Scholar
Wellington, W. G. 1960. Qualitative changes in natural populations during changes in abundance. Can. J. Zool. 38: 289314. (10, 38)Google Scholar
Wellington, W. G., Fettes, J. J., Turner, K. B., and Belyea, R. M. 1950. Physical and biological indicators of the development of outbreaks of the spruce budworm. Can. J. Research D, 28: 308331. (3, 10, 30)Google Scholar
Wellington, W. G., and Henson, W. R. 1947. Notes on the effects of physical factors of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). Can. Entomologist 79: 168170, 195. (2, 9, 28)10.4039/Ent79168-9Google Scholar
West, A. S. 1950. The precipitin test as an entomological tool. Can. Entomologist 82: 241244. (36)Google Scholar
Wigglesworth, V. B. 1955. The mode of action of DDT. In DDT, The Insecticide Dich-lorodiphenyltrichloroethane and Its Significance. (Edited by Müller, P., Birkhaüser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, and Stuttgart, Germany.) (22)Google Scholar
Wilkes, A., and Anderson, M. 1947. Notes on recovery of the introduced spruce budworm parasite, Phytodietus fumiferanae Rohw. in eastern Canada. In 77th Ann. Rept. Entomol. Soc. Ontario. (34)Google Scholar
Wilkes, A., Coppcl, H. C., and Mathers, W. G. 1948. Notes on the insect parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in British Columbia. Can. Entomologist 80: 138155. (34)Google Scholar
Wilson, L. F. 1959. Branch “tip” sampling for determining the abundance of spruce budworm egg masses. J. Econ. Entomol. 52; 618621. (8, 13)Google Scholar
Wright, B. S. 1960. Woodcock reproduction in DDT-sprayed areas of New Brunswick. J. Wildlife Mgt. 24: 419420. (39)Google Scholar
Yamafuji, K. 1952. Mechanism of artificial virus formation in silkworm tissues. Enzymologia 15: 223231. (38)Google Scholar