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Applications industrielles des technologies supercritiques : état de l'art et perspectives

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 November 2004

Gérard Charbit ,
Elisabeth Badens  and
Olivier Boutin
Gérard Charbit
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Procédés Propres et Environnement, Europôle de l'Arbois, Bâtiment Laennec, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France
Elisabeth Badens
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Procédés Propres et Environnement, Europôle de l'Arbois, Bâtiment Laennec, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France
Olivier Boutin
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Procédés Propres et Environnement, Europôle de l'Arbois, Bâtiment Laennec, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France
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Abstract

Les propriétés des fluides supercritiques sont à mi-chemin entre celles des gaz et celles des liquides ; ces propriétés peuvent en outre être considérablement modifiées par simple variation de la pression et/ou de la température. Cette spécificité est à l'origine de nombreuses applications dans lesquelles les fluides supercritiques se présentent comme des substituts de choix aux solvants organiques traditionnels. L'extraction et la purification sont les premières applications à avoir été développées ; la facilité de séparation du solvant et des solutés extraits par simple dépressurisation constitue l'atout majeur de cette méthode. Plus récemment d'autres applications très prometteuses ont émergé. Elles concernent les domaines de la réaction chimique, de la chromatographie et du traitement du solide. Initialement freinées dans leur développement par des coûts d'investissement supérieurs à ceux des procédés traditionnels, ces techniques supercritiques connaissent depuis peu un net regain d'intérêt, lié entre autres aux contraintes environnementales de plus en plus fortes pesant sur l'utilisation des solvants traditionnels.

Keywords

Supercritical fluidsindustrial applicationsmicronizationcomposite particlesFluides supercritiquesapplications industriellesmicronisationparticules composites
Type
Research Article
Information
Mechanics & Industry , Volume 5 , Issue 5 , September 2004 , pp. 541 - 551
Copyright
© AFM, EDP Sciences, 2004

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