A microcalorimeter is described accurate to 0·0005 cal. The elevation of temperature was measured by a series of iron-constantan thermo-couples, with one set of junctions making good thermal contact with the tube-where the heat was liberated and the others in a brass ring outside, kept in a thermostat. They were connected in series with a very sensitive moving coil galvanometer. The Tian multiple walled thermostat was used—three concentric copper cylinders insulated with kapok, the inner filled with water and the outer controlled by a mercury regulator. The constancy of temperature in the inner vessel was rather better than 1/500,000° C.

Continuous heat evolutions could also be measured by passing a current through another set of thermo-couples, when the Peltier cooling compensated for the heating and the temperature was kept down to its original value, thus avoiding cooling corrections.